Re: [AUDITORY] Recommendations on sound field speakers and soundcard (=?utf-8?Q?Krzysztof_Basi=C5=84ski?= )


Subject: Re: [AUDITORY] Recommendations on sound field speakers and soundcard
From:    =?utf-8?Q?Krzysztof_Basi=C5=84ski?=  <k.basinski@xxxxxxxx>
Date:    Thu, 16 Feb 2023 10:56:40 +0100

--Apple-Mail=_E7E9BED5-E82D-4FA6-B15C-843E7526B47F Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Hi Victoria, In terms of soundcards (audio interfaces), for experimental work I = really recommend going for an pro audio interface with good quality = AD/DA converters and digitally controlled preamps. This way you can = calibrate the output level of a playback system and save the exact = preamp setting for later to get reproducible results. In terms of = specific interfaces, you would probably want to look at the pro audio = market. I=E2=80=99d suggest going either for anything from RME (very = high quality and great software support but also expensive), MOTU (the = UltraLite series, slightly cheaper than RME) or Focusrite (Clarett = series). The specific model of the interface depends on your = input/output needs (for talkback capability, recording participant = responses, multiple streams of audio, hyperscanning setups, surround = systems, etc). I would personally go for something like RME UFX II or = UCX II, if budget allows. If not, I=E2=80=99d look at Focusrite Clarett+ = 2pre. That said, there are many great interfaces on the market right = now. In terms of speakers, I=E2=80=99d say a decent pair of studio monitors = is the way to go. You can look for example at Yamaha HS series for good = quality that does not break your budget. That said, if you want to use = speakers you need to think about room treatment. Depending on the size = of the room and the wall material, you would probably need to invest in = absorbers, diffusers and bass traps. This might get tricky so another = approach is to use headphones/earphones. Especially insert earphones are = well suited for EEG applications, like Etymotic ER3C. That said, you = might get away with a pair of good quality closed-ear headphones if your = careful. I used Beyerdynamic DT 770s as they are very comfortable to the = participant while providing good isolation and sound quality. Hope this helps. Best, Chris -- Krzysztof Basi=C5=84ski, Ph.D. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR Division of Quality of Life Research = <https://informator.gumed.edu.pl/23> Medical University of Gda=C5=84sk krzysztof.basinski@xxxxxxxx <mailto:krzysztof.basinski@xxxxxxxx> zbnjz@xxxxxxxx <mailto:zbnjz@xxxxxxxx> +48 58 349 1569 Tuwima 15, 80-210 Gda=C5=84sk=20 mug.edu.pl=C2=A0 <https://mug.edu.pl/> farU.edu.pl/en=C2=A0 <https://faru.edu.pl/en> =EF=BF=BC=20 Niniejsza wiadomo=C5=9B=C4=87 oraz jej za=C5=82=C4=85czniki mog=C4=85 = zawiera=C4=87 informacje chronione prawem. Je=C5=9Bli Pa=C5=84stwo nie = jeste=C5=9Bcie adresatem tej wiadomo=C5=9Bci, prosimy poinformowa=C4=87 = o tym fakcie nadawc=C4=99 i usun=C4=85=C4=87 j=C4=85 wraz z = za=C5=82=C4=85cznikami. Kopiowanie i/lub przesy=C5=82anie dalej = informacji zawartych w tej wiadomo=C5=9Bci przez osoby do tego = nieuprawnione jest zabronione. Administratorem Pa=C5=84stwa danych = osobowych jest Gda=C5=84ski Uniwersytet Medyczny. Informacja dotycz=C4=85c= a przetwarzania Pa=C5=84stwa danych dost=C4=99pna jest pod adresem = gumed.edu.pl/55839.html <https://gumed.edu.pl/55839.html> This e-mail and attachments to it may include information legally = privileged. It is intended solely for the recipient. If you are not the = recipient,please inform the sender accordingly and delete the e-mail = with all attachments received. Copying and/or disseminating this e-mail = and information included in the e-mail by unauthorised individuals is = strictly prohibited. Your personal data is administered by Medical = University of Gda=C5=84sk. Information on personal data processing is = available at gumed.edu.pl/55839.html <https://gumed.edu.pl/55839.html> > On 15 Feb 2023, at 17:38, Victoria Duda <victoria.duda@xxxxxxxx> = wrote: >=20 > Dear colleagues, > =20 > We have an experimental setup for EEG under headphones that we would = like to modify to soundfield. Could anyone provide some suggestions on = specific soundcards and speakers used in your labs? We plan to produce = recorded speech-in-noise via 2 speakers in a small room (approximately 9 = x 11 ft). > =20 > Any help would be appreciated, > Victoria =20 > =20 > Victoria Duda, Ph.D., membre de l=E2=80=99OOAQ > Professeure-chercheure adjointe et audiologiste > =C3=89cole d=E2=80=99orthophonie et d=E2=80=99audiologie, Facult=C3=A9 = de m=C3=A9decine > CRIR=E2=80=94IURDPM du CIUSSS CSMTL, Lucie Bruneau > Universit=C3=A9 de Montr=C3=A9al > 7077 ave. du Parc, local 3001-40 > Montr=C3=A9al, Qu=C3=A9bec H3N 1X7 > Tel: 514-343-6111, poste: 38884 > www.cat-lab.ca <http://www.cat-lab.ca/> > =20 > <image001.png> <image002.png> --Apple-Mail=_E7E9BED5-E82D-4FA6-B15C-843E7526B47F Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="Apple-Mail=_CD3759DF-ACD2-4E36-B2A4-00BCB0B5BDD3" --Apple-Mail=_CD3759DF-ACD2-4E36-B2A4-00BCB0B5BDD3 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 <html><head><meta http-equiv=3D"content-type" content=3D"text/html; = charset=3Dutf-8"></head><body style=3D"overflow-wrap: break-word; = -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;">Hi = Victoria,<div><br></div><div>In terms of soundcards (audio interfaces), = for experimental work I really recommend going for an pro audio = interface with good quality AD/DA converters and digitally controlled = preamps. This way you can calibrate the output level of a playback = system and save the exact preamp setting for later to get reproducible = results. In terms of specific interfaces, you would probably want to = look at the pro audio market. I=E2=80=99d suggest going either for = anything from RME (very high quality and great software support but also = expensive), MOTU (the UltraLite series, slightly cheaper than RME) or = Focusrite (Clarett series). The specific model of the interface depends = on your input/output needs (for talkback capability, recording = participant responses, multiple streams of audio, hyperscanning setups, = surround systems, etc). I would personally go for something like RME UFX = II or UCX II, if budget allows. If not, I=E2=80=99d look at Focusrite = Clarett+ 2pre. That said, there are many great interfaces on the market = right now.</div><div><br></div><div>In terms of speakers, I=E2=80=99d = say a decent pair of studio monitors is the way to go. You can look for = example at Yamaha HS series for good quality that does not break your = budget. That said, if you want to use speakers you need to think about = room treatment. Depending on the size of the room and the wall material, = you would probably need to invest in absorbers, diffusers and bass = traps. This might get tricky so another approach is to use = headphones/earphones. Especially insert earphones are well suited for = EEG applications, like Etymotic ER3C. That said, you might get away with = a pair of good quality closed-ear headphones if your careful. I used = Beyerdynamic DT 770s as they are very comfortable to the participant = while providing good isolation and sound = quality.</div><div><br></div><div>Hope this = helps.</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div>Chris<br><div> <meta charset=3D"UTF-8"><div style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: = 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: = normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; = text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: = auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; = -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: = rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font face=3D"Arial" color=3D"#023f87"= size=3D"2"><b>--</b></font></div><div style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; = font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; = font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: = start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; = widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; = -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; caret-color: = rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><font face=3D"Arial" color=3D"#023f87"= size=3D"2"><b>Krzysztof Basi=C5=84ski, Ph.D.</b><br>ASSISTANT = PROFESSOR<br><b><a href=3D"https://informator.gumed.edu.pl/23" = style=3D"color: rgb(2, 63, 135) !important;">Division of Quality of Life = Research</a><br>Medical University of Gda=C5=84sk</b></font><span = style=3D"font-family: -webkit-standard; "></span><div = style=3D"font-family: -webkit-standard; margin: 7px 0px;"><font = face=3D"Arial" color=3D"#023f87" size=3D"2"><a = href=3D"mailto:krzysztof.basinski@xxxxxxxx" style=3D"color: rgb(2, = 63, 135) !important;">krzysztof.basinski@xxxxxxxx</a><br><a = href=3D"mailto:zbnjz@xxxxxxxx" style=3D"color: rgb(2, 63, 135) = !important;">zbnjz@xxxxxxxx</a><br>+48 58 349 1569<br>Tuwima 15, = 80-210 Gda=C5=84sk&nbsp;<br></font></div><font face=3D"Arial" = color=3D"#023f87" size=3D"2"><a href=3D"https://mug.edu.pl/" = style=3D"color: rgb(2, 63, 135) !important;">mug.edu.pl&nbsp;</a><br><a = href=3D"https://faru.edu.pl/en" style=3D"color: rgb(2, 63, 135) = !important;">farU.edu.pl/en&nbsp;</a><br></font><br style=3D"font-family: = -webkit-standard;"></div><span><img alt=3D"attachment.png" = src=3D"cid:319FB767-0F26-4411-945B-6D0B0F5B4E02"></span><meta = charset=3D"UTF-8"><span style=3D"caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: = rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; = font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: = start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; = widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; = -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-family: = -webkit-standard; ">&nbsp;</span><br style=3D"caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); = color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; = font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; = orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: = none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; = -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; = text-decoration: none; font-family: -webkit-standard;"><p = style=3D"caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; = font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; = orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: = none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; = -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; = text-decoration: none; font-size: 0.5em; font-family: arial; color: = rgb(128, 128, 128);">Niniejsza wiadomo=C5=9B=C4=87 oraz jej za=C5=82=C4=85= czniki mog=C4=85 zawiera=C4=87 informacje chronione prawem. Je=C5=9Bli = Pa=C5=84stwo nie jeste=C5=9Bcie adresatem tej wiadomo=C5=9Bci, prosimy = poinformowa=C4=87 o tym fakcie nadawc=C4=99 i usun=C4=85=C4=87 j=C4=85 = wraz z za=C5=82=C4=85cznikami. Kopiowanie i/lub przesy=C5=82anie dalej = informacji zawartych w tej wiadomo=C5=9Bci przez osoby do tego = nieuprawnione jest zabronione. Administratorem Pa=C5=84stwa danych = osobowych jest Gda=C5=84ski Uniwersytet Medyczny. Informacja dotycz=C4=85c= a przetwarzania Pa=C5=84stwa danych dost=C4=99pna jest pod = adresem&nbsp;<a href=3D"https://gumed.edu.pl/55839.html" style=3D"color: = rgb(128, 128, 128) !important;">gumed.edu.pl/55839.html</a><br><br>This = e-mail and attachments to it may include information legally privileged. = It is intended solely for the recipient. If you are not the = recipient,please inform the sender accordingly and delete the e-mail = with all attachments received. Copying and/or disseminating this e-mail = and information included in the e-mail by unauthorised individuals is = strictly prohibited. Your personal data is administered by Medical = University of Gda=C5=84sk. Information on personal data processing is = available at&nbsp;<a href=3D"https://gumed.edu.pl/55839.html" = style=3D"color: rgb(128, 128, 128) = !important;">gumed.edu.pl/55839.html</a></p> </div> <div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><div>On 15 Feb 2023, at 17:38, = Victoria Duda &lt;victoria.duda@xxxxxxxx&gt; wrote:</div><br = class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><div><meta charset=3D"UTF-8"><div = class=3D"WordSection1" style=3D"page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, = 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; = font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; = text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: = normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; = text-decoration: none;"><div style=3D"margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; = font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span lang=3D"EN-US" = style=3D"font-size: 11pt;">Dear colleagues,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div = style=3D"margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, = sans-serif;"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size: = 11pt;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0cm; = font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span lang=3D"EN-US" = style=3D"font-size: 11pt;">We have an experimental setup for EEG under = headphones that we would like to modify to soundfield. Could anyone = provide some suggestions on specific soundcards and speakers used in = your labs? We plan to produce recorded speech-in-noise via 2 speakers in = a small room (approximately 9 x 11 ft).<o:p></o:p></span></div><div = style=3D"margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, = sans-serif;"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size: = 11pt;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0cm; = font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span lang=3D"EN-US" = style=3D"font-size: 11pt;">Any help would be = appreciated,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0cm; = font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span lang=3D"EN-US" = style=3D"font-size: 11pt;">Victoria &nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></div><div = style=3D"margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, = sans-serif;"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size: = 11pt;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0cm; = font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-align: = justify;"><b><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt;">Victoria Duda, Ph.D., = membre de l=E2=80=99OOAQ</span></b><span style=3D"font-size: = 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0cm; font-size: = 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><i><span = style=3D"font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, = serif;">Professeure-chercheure adjointe et audiologiste</span></i><span = style=3D"font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, = serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0cm; font-size: = 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span = style=3D"font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, = serif;">=C3=89cole d=E2=80=99orthophonie et d=E2=80=99audiologie, = Facult=C3=A9 de m=C3=A9decine<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin:= 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-align: = justify;"><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New = Roman&quot;, serif;">CRIR=E2=80=94IURDPM du CIUSSS CSMTL, Lucie = Bruneau<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0cm; font-size: = 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span = style=3D"font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, = serif;">Universit=C3=A9 de Montr=C3=A9al<o:p></o:p></span></div><div = style=3D"margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; = text-align: justify;"><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt; font-family: = &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">7077 ave. du Parc, local = 3001-40<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0cm; font-size: = 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span = style=3D"font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, = serif;">Montr=C3=A9al, Qu=C3=A9bec H3N 1X7<o:p></o:p></span></div><div = style=3D"margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; = text-align: justify;"><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt; font-family: = &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">Tel: 514-343-6111, poste: = 38884<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0cm; font-size: 12pt; = font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span = lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New = Roman&quot;, serif;"><a href=3D"http://www.cat-lab.ca/"><span = lang=3D"FR-CA" style=3D"color: rgb(5, 99, = 193);">www.cat-lab.ca</span></a></span><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt; = font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, = serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0cm; font-size: = 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-align: justify;"><span = style=3D"font-size: 11pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, = serif;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0cm; = font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-align: = justify;"><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt;"><span = id=3D"cid:image001.png@xxxxxxxx">&lt;image001.png&gt;</span></spa= n><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size: 11pt; font-family: = &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, = serif;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span = style=3D"font-size: 11pt;"><span = id=3D"cid:image002.png@xxxxxxxx">&lt;image002.png&gt;</span></spa= n></div></div></div></blockquote></div><br></div></body></html>= --Apple-Mail=_CD3759DF-ACD2-4E36-B2A4-00BCB0B5BDD3 Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Disposition: inline; filename=attachment.png Content-Type: image/png; name="attachment.png" Content-Id: <319FB767-0F26-4411-945B-6D0B0F5B4E02> iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAANoAAAAjCAYAAADygBQKAAAACXBIWXMAAA9hAAAPYQGoP6dpAAAb bUlEQVR4nO1dB3hVRfY/M/cVQv6GEoJEJbB2cRFxl0VI8oiFFRXX9hfsvX4WFCwpYIyQIsra3bWy iqjs4oosFiwQklAUWXRZUEQQwRUsRCAk8NrM/s7c1/PSWBYNm/N9effeuTNzz5RT58zEobWmWJC5 JQeQ5SomEr/DYzfS9DEJuldV5r9JHdABHbBb4Ih9kLmlR5DlXoDbriCwt4j0DhLidEE0Rw4rv1At KHjlJ8KzAzqgXUMcoZElnwOBBUkE+6sFRWs4SWaXHaidcjEI7iE5qGS2Wlrc0FKl8uCSTpROMjYv ynYm13atFk7ZaT9f76Rdme5IoU6kwvll/xIXLi5y1Gv65IEGpVSc2DVlt2Raal3xrrj07HEpZKVl 0M5Nm9TSP/ob4cU47KKAWlHsa5S+bJVXqRnBltr2cwCDb2dXFzC+TXvtm8dXpJPl7dZsJo2+XVS8 fu9g1L4gQmiQZocIyxqKGX2tqixaAwl2Eoirr1pY+Czu/ySEmKBTnKcj619arDXL/Tx+z5aDS7LU B8Wb5XElXSnN/S+iDJaWp5k8KVlXUKp8GHdbQ6VW4O+35q67azy+PY7IXUeeMqccVjGDAt+PCxMp de57OaXSCNydG8E/ryKfnBl34vZbSu3bTXrKblZVhRFcgUsvSnWvp1T9Dh5/F4dvqvtjGjrwMtwt blPv/VTQ2ZWL3xvwd9Ze+2YnulOQ+87mssAK+QaXA/cSRu0KHNJTfqWqKniOLOpjJ+ll5iJoPH77 SFnyPOW6jgMBziEpevIrTOqLaIP31USJkgAN1Ml9Ja5ltJ/rElx9SfK8Cdvv3CTpjMfTqrLgVjmo oAt1TpsOIrofiTclywl8zgE3vYGEGqAqCzfK3PJjScoT4zKluEBIGgxAnMlSGgzkX83g3gGJ4PU+ qh3O5pmsFMnGuAOIJZoUAyAxrgE7WkQSKVr1lJ6Sg0m6c2GbWdrj8JAWG/DmbCiVEyDdTsH9eSCy 6S3U/SKI9WopR99HnmOvAyFMw/Oh8Vn0UTKv/B77XnwJons+sRK1tHyb9EwqJmG9TU0QGrFkE/QH JjJTprrgY1w+Dr+UUgpIxqsoELiIHA4/OeUVSJ7Uiv7pgDC4nQejJ3/TfCa1Az//2Cv4tDNwgAD+ ikn6nouswWBHX5O0zoHqeC0I4EmtxSGw1eZhom9D1qXk822mFHcVyt3WYs1KrQIR9yfPwHvx5AVR fQhiSiA0EcDPDju/3tlkXdqC7SSsZr5mgVE0bV/lTBzGHIS+Ca6gAx0zkPt5SOoypYpVi+3ogBBI D35ubCHPZvz8cW9g097AQdXLayBxan1aQ7cWD4LoymGv3Qcx0Af3B8gjxrjV6odZnVwm80qPwjWF 6r2vt6p2RU8KSS9qpa6HzZUsxxpIsQeaq8I4OJw97gahvNZMtr+h/mI5qGSqWlr8A/A8DMSZpxbk P21XYl2N3wMoy7WRLXa0M42yXSfh5t1WtaMDCOPEGkCHFrCb4GBPG9TB2SAsnpRPYiI+KB3W8zBs szmDzsxcCuk2HeqjhlC5BknVPJlbVfu3m1/VvTIn0o/+l6i7K5nhPhz21af2rf4UNtk50VfiUnx3 BGyzDDzMhY3QtBStKnwJquExlOr+DGXWgLIOhYS7i1/J7JLu5HSfQ37vMWph8RcmbVj5vWQJJr4o oTnoZeCyE3S4DQR6fKvat4+BzJk0iBzW5EiCFv9EX9yMfpmB/nwtdnlHDik5iByuHiE13U4bVNKD Ul1RO05TPcqMxJhU2P1aUJ70u3ll12O8R8enip0g7tMa5fUUdiOZtgiknw9ToXUMvxUA8ykDgqUK eN6BNs9pVZm88j+jj5Yg/+/N8+CSXuz8S5Y35HUUz6Aj+T6Ln5TW7NpfE5PvSCMJNNUg319bxGC7 9zqoZz5IQq/sXzJArSjeAcn0KlnuNyJ5dvpfhE04O/Is3FF3fK1vMnWmJ8hyadrs3dbI6RL4/kXa mRYZ0JD7/y4QFSSxC23YtlZVV9TZuEA17eLtCyL7LlJ+8+ZS6pWZFnmu9w4FLnZfOOl/V520rO6C RJ7W+k+YdINI6GNDb4ZggJbF5XW5r0Sei3F3eCStE7lMeTLj2g3vc+wX4hjcN82ctTwE73Mxvx6N pImkzjNWRhzQjY7USnTZnSY2DRr1iiPR9rSW80aQsYAnezaYUF+GWbWFmvAjmMkFivwAlw/CieAw MHrlu2j4I3g3oa0oq78Xb43cg8jM1XbNR+yw0JpZ0jW5UJkdTdafUFc0vbgWl9qEunjAvotLAwPA 5fsYXFonof9XIOAbBy0AtrUekOw1NII5UNWPwG0mpN1bmCcVmCcLojnUFPz0Q85j2vDVIOqI01rs ZSHXRbjtDcmxmmq906l7aOlVihR8+1Yw/hTg+ySPPSTMGEiJZcDtSDCJubTdX4fyl4EgepIKzldV Re/JoeX7gx1cQIHAArIcp6KNfjD2P0DjsusV1BlEMxZXF6ntT6qqsh9hz0vyOM8DDgPQ1i+gqU03 c0jT2ySCa9Efp+Obw1krk56yM1RV4d8SG+dITDDdVFn4IYgNHEteKz0lWaqqeEMbOqwD9nUQxEsj mfjLwET/moLBFoMYWgFSekpH2HfQKuo3zqe0PjXGnoa5gm9eQ+nuwZjcYcbP13WY4IPBFFhyng6J 9KCWtIXVIwoGzqQ0N5tDjNsa2Ol3goBuIRn8SJDjQe1woA36S+QdinqPQjuK7LaJYvwinY6HigpJ TmeSxzWVeP1XiHfYk069erGJMxL3JVADZoOomVGnghAPRp6hxD6DBEhKaKBQiHoxkdjxYbnypBw9 vb1ETXTAfx9gS1+HSXs3q46wu67ZE3UKs9RkvcX3UD13kSPzMNyAwNQ0CkqLLH0AcnFAQ5jQpsOG uwt4PILCV8VUNR82+2jY7GOIHWAqkEvKUY/aHcg3DmkXmFxaTwHuDxr7kygvpvwLqLcI9T6B/Bex Y02QdalW6kZSYh5MomVCiCkyp+LIMPWgP8ajngtBcLNxX5Csfckl2oKCf6BgNzS+F3ThQeQZwKrW jN3txA7YB8HnfQhy56k9VZ3mgIYqb2okYch2J4kMSDPxNib3ErLnqjNaQNtONMESjKKhfOzAgc0O Qulj1D/pmGlbUeYjUbtP02eh6xaTLwqrQleuF+oj9THlhSwCBneEcF0PnNLb0r74oOJh5TBuxdZQ A9yh61pk6wHCuw6U/mRrKkXeh4HNR9C5p4XqvRyXY0DAY82zp+xaIH4pdO4RxlGSM2kgORyTUf9w 8z6nYggwK8TzGXZ9xrvzFuqbap5zSw+B4T6HtnuHsD2I9+BU4vooBvodcJYbQ2Uf4GiQ0ItaUmpS WIcOLR38Ee95EX47Bm8qVRdVmIHyTPoVBqkMOJxit8FwzlPjGur1nqAWF3+N9k1D2cWo94nQN7mf PgcOU1rTX+0SXK5B0HoG4q7Z5Zm2gFLFgfA95tBpYPQXagqepCqL5uE5Xh3TTTmtIttRbIIJ0Kmq Jv8zjN8VkI5RghRNlFeJ21nEaiQEkf9+zIWH7KgjMZrqvCuhmsbiw+VSof1ZybS/RInWWwiaFpuA xj7IC2Ko5Vky7v9WQS80KuoVEqIrfvePQZ6DU4+ndBfHOkLsOzrhA1mR95bujEK9o40Q84EIE9JU u7y8DP25OuJ00cxd9Hu0y1dinv0U9VJq/q5+Ae+ephT3SSg7DcZtDzOoznTUIw4Bdz4caksfclon RgOYZQpRDE513rvBT8tQx7sYjInk9VXR0lW2QyUoSnlFUg4teZNc7n7A/STaVju2lX3V7sAEjfd2 DcPtBbh/jNav8u9x08LvXaWdbthX1uMgMpZE+7Wp/EbvNMpyXUgO8QnKf4f5k4lpfEtb0TAhfcPK S4jVxbyKsWSJXph7b9LHq+rIMzAmp14BlfJq7TmWpeNlifXEE5ogH+j5ldD9WSCyTnieScwXSNcm Fv6PQHNwssiRnvJRuG5sNm/DtpcotcsDZsG8KrCaPO5LUP7mhFyZ1Mltr385A1/hd3nkjRB1Jrg5 t2wtWbITHVZr2W2iTWjnMSCOCSCeN6mq6BGipCp2xJOKzvbjqTZ2vSTEMe9HPWx8H0JBfZVaPrm+ rV3yk4NQfg6yIe1yon/96LeQSqUb2BsXyZflrhPhuZPl3qmzBpxPbFoo5OGeDVIDmClUPx1esnEa 715ToL2PkoiPo+Q1T5lT1g/1DCYVXEMyCBXP1YMavtqqO2UNAcNcazJ6vc+i39821WgaQgH9tSm/ rniX5HhXz6RBYKYZpH0r2Kkn+5f8n+4qh1C931YdRfB+0vIZ1PuDqXeX/4tQX7BabKQoNLGJ0lMy Hd/ngI1N0HqW2+pp+Ujk+9Hk37x5tO7V62iI5W3JmhhPaFq8APXMqDuYULwFA5KJNqDwWqh6LUft x9eVNBQkAoLqKRC4GCrjGxiQW4zsbAJMvGNeBb4PSZbtmks8cNXL30qo73D0tB2gbFnsal4e87YC 5SeCyHzIc1PIvc/c6nXpKR0FaXYxONVfYECvgrQ7MVaFaTVUL58CDseG9jxVXTC/zeV/DqDlD2YY RLAnpgaPf0iiizXot2Njcp4JsX8hiPEE3F9Hyv93k+pwH2vULOVfR5YLxCe+CeXvibyx4xEHIa92 I8+2qilkhvlVTFI4z5JIHqjuxKGDFFmmipa3tZMP49LspaNo+coi9jB+2aheO242IgCA4zpiL6cB mxmDAP8eeW/PqchzIsQRGhA1qhBTPaW7bW6mxadUt/XltnFo/UNonSUMR+Kv0VqVqhm/FATwe97r xpEDzVap1DPgYq+Q1Aci79QkqsqbaPjtTZTOp6CqATG9QQ2+WeFEs6biqP9AVZa9LXPz9yOr67eU 6+YF2FVN1NMMejOCaMtK4NZ+g2obfF/oVLcfzO9YcOolgmQv2KpHG4eCEE9Dah+OOfI577bH/YEg yhTcmygKe63JNQbENd9e06o4EfNgiW0HZ/BcePAnbt1PCkm9jtCGe+D3Gq310eS3FrZZDdKw5QTN R2ezbcY8cgRE+rCkeau8k6EKstu2+X1MNeMXQuLUYcAhNYKHJckx0gy+DUvDYTFhUNWFHwGf1ynV dR9RyB3sgASUaROMoW115bJfUa33i7Y0dV8CDiKQeeW8yXckVX1yoc4duIGEdRPG6GaM0a0YyVeh Lv2WN5yG4khNLKkhslw3a0K/AUPLlp6yHCHlQK0UbJr0kzEBXDqom5TyZkeIoF+ryoLSaFoFz5ds fKes6XIVvCePcZnVVJ7dBZlXNhoSvnPEASelMOpiXukvoDKNxhycEZKGrYLkhFZH31A69FOtH1WL 7vi0rUia5YGh5f3IJU42CT49Vi0q+DaSIahmAnPjyuUIeplTcj7036Mj7xt8n1CqM85wNY3MnjSK nCKjUQOD4gXYBosizzoQ3XmsaApZQVtaqu13kdhvKE8M/i57CcGxF4Bj/9ps8djinxvZfR30Q6o5 bmjUuCCNoV2B5H0SCEyB8b016bv2AkpPh130CGX3Y+fVJBDdEzTU/QL5vGfDFuIFW176eQwZ30W/ N0BLGAAiuwHp7Bm4ktSWlZBgSzTpKlVVVMmRI9DfakJqYFNwSshrXBpN0h58O594P2NTYK+LfYS/ PU5oIK3LUT/H2U5FG34HJn8h7s+noDwUc20i5hV/9z8ktK7O49CKV9DYdbx4zYTTVjRDhJV0z5qq Llob91xj4hAjYVKhkKiqRuUWjl+RtL6afDZsP0v+rWjQK4fT4PJG3Puq8StxWdn4Wyacq7JxffnV yb5j4zG+STuk3UBwyzSSGXeT5S6DJLsSkuwczJLXSFmnUP22QZTapRDz4iaolfcYvwn7eEm/Q4Hg 8eQNrqbUHrze2ge98f8yt3y4sMQIrXSj4OC2AJjhANT9LTmsDBD2/rRz4wL7qIrgGRQQDWa3hj+g I0HjvPyjAsI4VLLLDgTz+yVU4XV8ckCoPmhqYL6W0yKvv56219ZRZk+WoAHa9N1CY28p740k3A5j XjjFLSC6HpCg/WirbzF1dQ2irQH7W+yBPdA1hCztpSr/h2H73ixoS3UYTJ1/smBITmhS9kfn3Sak la53ejP/k07qgPYFHEcKtWkMCGmmznHyronR5HbPgdRfSJ3TJtAGbzGtX1Woc/qBmKwU0js2cAC3 UfVSHexM6A31YyQJuQNEMRWS7TVVVfBWix9uDqTjA0pxrMZdP/Z26tS+fCLb6aStWWACS4mPr3Ba l8v+JZlgmQEwhxqzjJNXsZackgOVNwPXA3gXAUdxoL655HYw0+1HTtcllNoLzEPwPNeUmdkgc8pP I8tVAeLqCSKbJQTxlirSgt6mbo5LhRTzdXd3Hgj8G8pyv49XnU3Yl8e9Rg4qOAH9dCmIG6aLZGdK Fn83ccE6kzb6fkRh3iJju2N99XXhd3vzMJi9CWYHdm7pVVBZX2rN4UP7OqjKQthiUA+lnAoiG0Vb vCdTuutuqHJlmBvjKWvge8QahNa7SHThiZQrhDga0u09SIKzYAbsRF72Du+kXWKPhGgRh2X5v0/T zox7QGx3msOCwuvFKvCckI6xurtrOHn0jyaiSevZwOFd4DgO8/ZRY88J8Zj0lDxF0s0k5QJDyIaa nG7jrs6iDf651Nt9Hn3j+4J6275AthEx949D2Z6qMt8jPaV5EYy0NZmE/orqvzqRZGY6pbjXUecu 14FAebkDqvXW0TBVfoWM3yeso4mL0JFhp4V94lGX7jPBGQJ49zmexu2hTvt5QW7Z1aTVpx1EFgPV 3jHg0Lxo/1dKd9+HST6JHD0ex/PFmAvsURxtr7Ppb8Hq52mhrgWBLpKe8lPNtiuieth1w9WS4i0t fksIZuqOsMMhlMrhVtG1N03zbGlbYZsxnYJpmOjmltV/ENIHmOCjSMvvIHk+hkS1zDqwoLtRphDv nHiWWjqOtL9JC1R14RKzrpbuYg/rLJ3l3grCnEVdGwcFJ8ebYNuLbpTaN7zs4ALhHQ1kn8KnHiKr K9vry2H3TkhYR9NOwR6nuLrMaVPhyJBWA+vn0OGvMYhoPY8CPzwUOWruiDFu6pX5p7gCAXV74oE5 obM++ICfs+zQGjEDXCVi95nAVqKj7HAa/SUp31OJOw3Mlh8tbyMdqMCAfBJJzynrg6EtJ7+6A9+1 vWd5Fc9RwJsfshnJPgmMt+8LHvT3qX794+Fj7MDFnyUfFbItCjzYbvkOnPOZtvTRzxlCxzxcjT74 BIRQTs6MS81+Me2dqRYU3x+b1z5Aqctw9MN7UKtOgjR5lfy+a9Wi4tYFOSi9GuWc2hw5QZWhpYLc SDyigWYWvBkERw2JySb2UdNjFIQ6aWa3LiGfbw5Uwa5a6KGw5ZaQ2xiXxpYyIYDHV4zUVuAA2IB5 aOtk2s+1rvEHdLKFXjAZWk1+79XmyeE8DaQ8n6omfEbZE99FXbzgPhZ/LydINL1OK3UCCas3EH4I NXfXKsjxfVARZN9WdRqFTqWyBHumbgOCUDcx0Z0ZvGHUjhXs7HZA7z1f86E64UDP7f7G62ieUl57 ySUVLGIORcydciZ9zutvIXxPQPnFuGHb4DckXUuhN+eEjd4QNmNQ7hASDo59vDbaVsFB0xdop9wf Azs8NLHOJWm2639n77gVs1D/FaSDO0haV5Ajk6Nkvg5VcA4JbzkI+WzgdgF5fdmt7Z/2BEbtGlLy GlTIfPRjoRDu+zC+7OjaYE9+0ZNSu/yC7GWc90FkJ6PM+236yI++P0Oq3I4+noO6qyFJDyJmoG05 Tq9+2yvAg5d0soDXy6qmYBPGcBbGZhLssMEYy18bO8pLL8WEIIPhlvSkTq6VpB1gwmbDsxM8/TOz /SYCghnvSOD2Aq7PxfTO/aj/JXK5OcaVJTEvU50LM+QajvwHbf4Zzz2YYcQvWFcWmgh9410JHw9X t616N8KJCsASx6mqUH0Hl3zI53Wwrhu7mk7B4CcUCJgoDVq5Km4jZ+gIghuA1aGqqii8Qh/nMbT7 QC+Dgcs7emcD71QwCVZvr4+pYwTshkHQy5dCTRgb3ohKds9swo+FgeXzCiviK+Yd54KV+V/wAUaQ pAlb7QEOVx7yFEIa56rFxdvb2EftBkLRFzdhHG/XBzlyQBAcJZKJicRhVrUhybNgd214I1UGFQwB oVzBJ6NxBD4FA1dGGCrReFLCjvpQgY+h/hVQ/Y5aStlvCr5tvmmih4aVX4XxSIng0bB+FKX0uQCT /pfEcbr13hdDQeh8pILxGrL2Yhw5Ql+Kst0xb8/DvH0NaSZI2K7Hezd1dn0K4oNpEViHKVMAyf4l JPsC5FuPsmeYIGeli8167RFj5lLm/mxqwT4TM1H+8eReR3uSfa05miOtG8cPto1DsXuXI0rCHclx Z3kVLI45pCdKaNKaDTFuR1HnDuRzGCO7njGJmavVhYI6eQerfTCMpmmJi9FRtPUK4D0qWoebt9q/ zeEz6JAq6s5hQRSr3gVJqEtQ5iNIpnkU2U9hODlzREgtiH7LmoT7peTX58atBwrxMB/t0MIa0T4D oSMl3gv97dm6QSi4PJT0XcwBTgnLMXHbdBKPrA+p+S80rq/g8fhy+RwJlJ+QNjNaj1luejTmdUVM vrjTCUyaHY4VdxpY0/vRcksvhpGU22Y1wIBeSZbmXa9mDct4iDrx1vaE0KaN3l81eQhrrW8djPAU swlVbasilXIepNPt4B4HNPlZKX6LiR9d8+PdsJoazDYWIQ4C8bMuHWdH2YRccSPes+3njKuvwTsP nTzH2CCpXd6COc3b6qNErvUolLsXHPLGxMHrgA6IhSYkmllUXo0JxLus227ga8FHer+OCd4ThPEN dZLXY1K+CKL9vLVVGHUirwK2mXiDrC4PkO1gOgV1T47PKc/Gdw4HUfG288NBXSaqH8QzmI/Lw+3V xnxQSoBxPC+zJ/VPXPhm7oVvjUCuq8IuL7NTINU9F33wOKXux6pzX8NAYiHgWw1CPhc6+mLg8Nnu MaUO+F+AJgnNgBbf8j+cSPynEC0BJu5CTNQhMBRhEEoOKL2Hqotej2xBcWz3aeo+gdZTs1HyZqOd p+wj1HOmOW1I0+Vxh8Bo8RzS+7AOB/34FQr+8FrkfH4+k4n/j0BMHByIwU1Oae9rCkK3lxT1nm3x 3qq7u9fRDvtwH1VZ9CmIlfX7M8xiptJXqaqCuTHolZLl3WIOb8llhwgdJ6Wcl/gPOf4rIBQYlpjW csYO+LlA84TGh5p03ck+mjafqR7y/N0TTYmqwCHduVWHccIwrcGlJum70A7uJt4taJwW1eFDttYj kWfbSVIWnz9/IS4Lk9YfazdUF7LXE3+FTbZjT0LC1o4OaAfQEqFtoIWTdzRyyHVAB3RAm6B5QhNq 2V5RhTqgA/Zx+DfRKk6C2/WVdQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg== --Apple-Mail=_CD3759DF-ACD2-4E36-B2A4-00BCB0B5BDD3-- --Apple-Mail=_E7E9BED5-E82D-4FA6-B15C-843E7526B47F--


This message came from the mail archive
src/postings/2023/
maintained by:
DAn Ellis <dpwe@ee.columbia.edu>
Electrical Engineering Dept., Columbia University