[AUDITORY] Seminar Announcement - October 11 - E.A.R.S. (Electronic Auditory Research Seminars) ("Vogler, Nathan" )

Subject: [AUDITORY] Seminar Announcement - October 11 - E.A.R.S. (Electronic Auditory Research Seminars) From: "Vogler, Nathan" <Nathan.Vogler@xxxxxxxx> Date: Tue, 4 Oct 2022 14:01:46 +0000 --_000_MN2PR04MB612752E7DBB4F2FE844AA8A5C85A9MN2PR04MB6127namp_ Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Dear fellow neuroscientists, We would like to invite you to join us on Tuesday, October 11 at 1:00 pm ED= T (UTC-4) for the next edition of E.A.R.S. (Electronic Auditory Research Se= minars), a monthly auditory seminar series focused on central auditory proc= essing and circuits. IMPORTANT: Please note that we have migrated the seminars to Zoom. You can = access the seminars here: https://pennmedicine.zoom.us/j/95396120820. This = link is also posted on our website https://sites.google.com/view/ears2020/h= ome. The E.A.R.S. subscriber list will migrate from Crowdcast to the ears-s= eminar google group, which you can join by emailing: ears2022+subscribe@xxxxxxxx= glegroups.com<mailto:ears2022+subscribe@xxxxxxxx> or visiting the f= ollowing the link: https://groups.google.com/g/ears2022. If you want to sta= y subscribed, there is no need to do anything, your email address will be a= utomatically transferred. Speakers: * Karine Fenelon (University of Massachusetts Amherst): Brainstem mecha= nisms modulating prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex * Governed by central inhibitory mechanisms, sensorimotor gating is = a fundamental pre-attentive process that, if reduced, is associated with co= gnitive and motor symptoms. The PrePulse Inhibition (PPI) of the auditory s= tartle response task is the gold standard operational measure of sensorimot= or gating, used in humans and translational models. PPI occurs when a weak = stimulus presented prior to a startle stimulus inhibits the startle respons= e. PPI is impaired in various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders w= here it is often predictive of psychosis, obsessions, compulsions, and moto= r/speech dysfunctions. The reversal of PPI deficits is routinely tested in = disease experimental systems as pre-clinical trials of neurological drug sc= reening. Yet, the cellular and circuit-level mechanisms remain largely uncl= ear, even under non-pathological conditions, limiting therapeutic advances.= Recent evidence ruled out the longstanding hypothesis that PPI is mediated= by midbrain cholinergic inputs to the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (Pn= C). Instead, glutamatergic, glycinergic, and GABAergic inhibitory mechanism= s are now suggested to be crucial for PPI, at the PnC level. Since dysfunct= ions of the amygdala are common to pathologies displaying sensorimotor gati= ng deficits, we tested how direct projections to the PnC originating from t= he amygdala contribute to PPI. Using mice, we employed tract-tracing, immun= ohistochemical analyses and in vitro electrophysiological recordings to dem= onstrate that the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) sends glutamatergic= inputs to PnC neurons, including PnC glycinergic neurons. Then we used an = in vivo Ca2+-dependent photo-sensitive approach (i.e., =93Cal-Light=94) to = tag CeA and PnC neurons active during PPI, with high spatio-temporal precis= ion. Finally, we were able to restore PPI-deficits in a schizophrenia-relev= ant mouse model, by photo-stimulating CeA-PnC glutamatergic synapses. Our r= esults show that an amygdala-dependent mechanism within the brainstem start= le circuit contributes to PPI. We therefore provide new insights to the cli= nically relevant theoretical construct of PPI, which is disrupted in variou= s psychiatric and neurological diseases. * Malte W=F6stmann (Universit=E4t zu L=FCbeck): Behavioural and electro= physiological signatures of auditory distraction in time and space * Acoustic events in our environment are often relevant for behaviou= r, but irrelevant sounds can be powerful sources of distraction. Auditory a= ttention is thought to enhance target sounds and to suppress distraction. I= will present evidence from behavioural and electroencephalography (EEG) st= udies in humans that elucidate the spatial and temporal dynamics of process= ing distracting sounds. First, when we decouple auditory target enhancement= from distractor suppression in spatial attention, we find two respective l= ateralized alpha oscillatory responses in the EEG (~10 Hz), which are uncor= related. This demonstrates that the neurobiological foundation of auditory = spatial attention implies a selection-independent neural mechanism related = to processing distraction. Second, when we vary the onset time of auditory = distractors, we find that distractor onset co-modulates distractor-evoked b= ehavioural detriments in memory performance and EEG responses in ~2=965 cyc= les per second. This suggests that auditory distractibility is not uniforml= y distributed across time but exhibits spontaneous fluctuations on a sub-se= cond time scale. Additional upcoming E.A.R.S seminars (1:00 pm ET): * 11/01/2022: Professional Development session * 12/13/2022: Trainee Talks With kind wishes, Maria Geffen Yale Cohen Steve Eliades Stephen David Alexandria Lesicko Nathan Vogler Jean-Hugues Lestang Huaizhen Cai --_000_MN2PR04MB612752E7DBB4F2FE844AA8A5C85A9MN2PR04MB6127namp_ Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable <html xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:sc= hemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/of= fice/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> <head> <meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3DWindows-1= 252"> <meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)"> <style></style> </head> <body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"#0563C1" vlink=3D"#954F72" style=3D"word-wrap:= break-word"> <div class=3D"WordSection1"> Dear fellow neuroscientis= ts,<o:p></o:p> We would like to invite you = to join us on Tu= esday, October 11 at 1:00 pm EDT <sp= an style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1D1D1D">(UTC-4) for the next edition of= E.A.R.S. (Electronic Auditory Research Seminars), a monthly auditory seminar series focused on central auditory processing a= nd circuits.<o:p></o:p> IMPORTANT: Please note that we have migrated the sem= inars to Zoom. You can access the seminars here:=  <a href=3D"https://pennmedicine.zoom= .us/j/95396120820">https://pennmedicine.zoom.= us/j/95396120820</a>. This link is also posted on our website </spa= n><a href=3D"https://sites.g= oogle.com/view/ears2020/home">https://sites.g= oogle.com/view/ears2020/home</a>. The E.A.R.S. subscriber list will migrate from Crowdcast to the ears-semin= ar google group, which you can join by emailing: </sp= an><a href=3D"mailto:= ears2022+subscribe@xxxxxxxx" target=3D"_blank">ears2022+subscribe@xxxxxxxx</a>&= nbsp;or visiting the following the link: <span= style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;color:#1D1D1D"><a href=3D"https://groups.google.= com/g/ears2022">https://groups.google.com/g/e= ars2022</a>. If you want to stay subscribed, there is no need to do anything, your emai= l address will be automatically transferred.<o:p></o:p> Speakers:<o:p></o:p><= /p> <ul style=3D"margin-top:0in;caret-color: rgb(29, 29, 29);font-variant-caps:= normal;orphans: auto;text-align:start;widows: auto;-webkit-text-size-adjus= t: auto;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;word-spacing:0px" type=3D"square"> <li class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"color:#1D1D1D;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom= :0in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"> Karine Fenelon (University of Massachusetts Amherst): Brainstem mechanisms modulating prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex</em= ><o:p></o:p></li><ul style=3D"margin-top:0in" type=3D"square"> <li class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"color:#1D1D1D;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom= :0in;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1"> Governed by central inhibitory mechanisms, sensorimotor gating is a fu= ndamental pre-attentive process that, if reduced, is associated with cognit= ive and motor symptoms. The PrePulse Inhibition (PPI) of the auditory startle response task is the gold standard operation= al measure of sensorimotor gating, used in humans and translational models.= PPI occurs when a weak stimulus presented prior to a startle stimulus inhi= bits the startle response. PPI is impaired in various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders where it i= s often predictive of psychosis, obsessions, compulsions, and motor/speech = dysfunctions. The reversal of PPI deficits is routinely tested in disease e= xperimental systems as pre-clinical trials of neurological drug screening. Yet, the cellular and circuit-level= mechanisms remain largely unclear, even under non-pathological conditions,= limiting therapeutic advances. Recent evidence ruled out the longstanding = hypothesis that PPI is mediated by midbrain cholinergic inputs to the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (Pn= C). Instead, glutamatergic, glycinergic, and GABAergic inhibitory mechanism= s are now suggested to be crucial for PPI, at the PnC level. Since dysfunct= ions of the amygdala are common to pathologies displaying sensorimotor gating deficits, we tested how dire= ct projections to the PnC originating from the amygdala contribute to PPI. = Using mice, we employed tract-tracing, immunohistochemical analyses and in = vitro electrophysiological recordings to demonstrate that the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) sends glutam= atergic inputs to PnC neurons, including PnC glycinergic neurons. Then we u= sed an in vivo Ca2+-dependent photo-sensitive approach (i.e., =93Cal-Light= =94) to tag CeA and PnC neurons active during PPI, with high spatio-temporal precision. Finally, we were able to = restore PPI-deficits in a schizophrenia-relevant mouse model, by photo-stim= ulating CeA-PnC glutamatergic synapses. Our results show that an amygdala-d= ependent mechanism within the brainstem startle circuit contributes to PPI. We therefore provide new insights to t= he clinically relevant theoretical construct of PPI, which is disrupted in = various psychiatric and neurological diseases.<o:p></o:p></li></ul> </ul> <o:p> </o:p> <ul style=3D"margin-top:0in" type=3D"square"> <li class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"color:#1D1D1D;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom= :0in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"> Malte W=F6stmann (Universit=E4t zu L=FCbeck):&nbs= p;Beh= avioural and electrophysiological signatures of auditory distraction in time and sp= ace<o:p></o:p></li><ul style=3D"margin-top:0in" type=3D"= square"> <li class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"color:#1D1D1D;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom= :0in;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1"> Acoustic events in our environment are oft= en relevant for behaviour, but irrelevant sounds can be powerful sources of= distraction. Auditory attention is thought to enhance target sounds and to= suppress distraction. I will present evidence from behavioural and electroencephalography (EEG) studies in huma= ns that elucidate the spatial and temporal dynamics of processing distracti= ng sounds. First, when we decouple auditory target enhancement from distrac= tor suppression in spatial attention, we find two respective lateralized alpha oscillatory responses in the EEG = (~10 Hz), which are uncorrelated. This demonstrates that the neurobiologica= l foundation of auditory spatial attention implies a selection-independent = neural mechanism related to processing distraction. Second, when we vary the onset time of auditory distractors, = we find that distractor onset co-modulates distractor-evoked behavioural de= triments in memory performance and EEG responses in ~2=965 cycles per secon= d. This suggests that auditory distractibility is not uniformly distributed across time but exhibits spontaneous fluctuat= ions on a sub-second time scale.<o:p></o:p></li></ul> </ul> Additional upcoming E.A.R.S = seminars (1:00 pm ET):<o:p></o:p> <ul style=3D"margin-top:0in;caret-color: rgb(29, 29, 29);font-variant-caps:= normal;orphans: auto;text-align:start;widows: auto;-webkit-text-size-adjus= t: auto;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;word-spacing:0px" type=3D"disc"> <li class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"color:#1D1D1D;margin-top:0in;margin-bottom= :0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2"> 11/01/2022: Professional Development sessi= on<o:p></o:p></li><li class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"color:#1D1D1D;mar= gin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2"> 12/13/2022: Trainee Talks<o:p></o:p></span= ></li></ul> With kind wishes,<o:p></o= :p> Maria Geffen<o:p></o:p></spa= n> Yale Cohen<o:p></o:p>= Steve Eliades<o:p></o:p></sp= an> Stephen David<o:p></o:p></sp= an> Alexandria Lesicko<o:p></o:p= > Nathan Vogler<o:p></o:p></sp= an> Jean-Hugues Lestang<o:p></o:= p> Huaizhen Cai<o:p></o:p></spa= n> </div> </body> </html> --_000_MN2PR04MB612752E7DBB4F2FE844AA8A5C85A9MN2PR04MB6127namp_--

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