Subject: Re: [AUDITORY] Sex differences in auditory processing From: kno <"Baskent, D "> Date: Tue, 11 Jan 2022 11:51:00 +0000--_004_db1b15db479544b488d3cb3bc290ff25umcgnl_ Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="_000_db1b15db479544b488d3cb3bc290ff25umcgnl_" --_000_db1b15db479544b488d3cb3bc290ff25umcgnl_ Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-2" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Dear all, If you will look for McFadden papers, please also see a commentary we wrote= about one of his related papers. The point of this commentary is that mayb= e sex/gender differences (or race differences also) are not as "well known"= as we assume, and there could be a number of confounds in such studies: https://psyarxiv.com/ghfpv/ When choosing references for such differences, I think it pays to be a bit = critical to not potentially spread possibly not very clear or accurate find= ings. Ani, your question is a legitimate one, ie, if some effects reported in one= small-sample size study would also hold with larger populations, or across= a number of studies. What I observe is that often we add an analysis of se= x/gender/race factor without a strong background hypothesis for why we shou= ld do so, and it feels often this analysis is done just because it has alwa= ys been done. And then when we find an effect within a small population and= for a study that was not necessarily designed for investigating sex differ= ences, we conclude a bit fast that there is such difference. In many listen= ing/speech tests, linguistic skills, musical background or aptitude, own or= parents' education level (especially for children), or other demographic f= actors may actually play a larger role, but somehow instead of such potenti= ally more relevant factors, gender/sex difference analysis is conducted. I = am worried this leads to misleading conclusions. Where a sex difference is reported, it is sometimes done based on great man= y assumptions. One big assumption is that what one reports as gender is eq= uivalent to one's sex too. For example, if there is a female-sex related ho= rmone that may have an effect on a hearing-related mechanism, then one's re= ported gender may or may not indicate the presence of such hormone. How cou= ld we know that? Same goes with race effects. One may identify themselves a= s African-American without having dark skin, while the hearing-effects rela= ted to skin color have been shown for melatonin levels. Hence, without meas= uring melatonin or skin color per se, and just asking participants their se= lf-identified race, again, may lead to wrong conclusions. Where there seems consistent differences between males and females in liter= ature seems in the hearing thresholds in older age groups, and often these = are large-sample studies and seem to hold across different populations acro= ss studies. (By the way, it looks like this difference seems to become smal= ler with younger generations.) An idea related to this is female hormones p= otentially having protective effects for hearing, as mentioned above, but a= nother idea is environmental factors, such as males being more exposed to l= ouder environments, especially in older generations, such as working in fac= tories with no or minimal hearing protection. In short, these differences may or may not be there, but I would not say th= ese are well-known. It is not a given. Instead, I would suggest that we all= be careful about what a study really measured and was the finding valid; w= as it really designed to identify such differences,did it use correct parad= igms, did it choose appropriate populations, are conclusions interpreted co= rrectly? Also in own studies, are we looking into such differences for good= reasons, based on prior work and evidence for it, or just because it has a= lways been done this way and it is easy to throw this factor into the analy= sis? This would be my long answer to a seemingly short question. :) Hope it help= s. Best, Deniz -------------------------- Prof. dr. ir. D. Ba=BAkent Speech Perception Lab (dB SPL) Department of Otorhinolaryngology School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience (BCN) W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) University of Groningen (RUG) Tel: +31 (0) 50 3612665 (Ms. J. Breetveld) Visiting address: UMCG, Hanzeplein 1, Room P3.248 Website (also for dB SPL): dbaskent.org<http://dbaskent.org> ________________________________ Van: AUDITORY - Research in Auditory Perception <AUDITORY@xxxxxxxx> = namens Bernstein,Leslie <lbernstein@xxxxxxxx> Verzonden: maandag 10 januari 2022 16:45 Aan: AUDITORY@xxxxxxxx Onderwerp: Re: Sex differences in auditory processing Google: sex differences McFadden On 1/9/2022 10:33 AM, Patel, Aniruddh D. wrote: *** Attention: This is an external email. Use caution responding, opening a= ttachments or clicking on links. *** Dear List, I am trying to find papers reporting sex differences in behavioral or neura= l measures of auditory processing in vertebrates. I'd be grateful for pointers to any references, including review chapters. Btw, my impression from the papers I've found so far is that females genera= lly outperform males (e.g., refs below), and I wonder if this holds across = a larger set of studies. Benichov, J. I., Benezra, S. E., Vallentin, D., Globerson, E., Long, M. A.,= & Tchernichovski, O. (2016). The forebrain song system mediates predictive= call timing in female and male zebra finches. Current Biology, 26(3), 309-= 318. Kriengwatana, B., Spierings, M. J., & ten Cate, C. (2016). Auditory discrim= ination learning in zebra finches: effects of sex, early life conditions an= d stimulus characteristics. Animal Behaviour, 116, 99-112. Krizman, J., Bonacina, S., & Kraus, N. (2020). Sex differences in subcortic= al auditory processing only partially explain higher prevalence of language= disorders in males. Hearing research, 398, 108075. Thanks, and best wishes for the new year, Ani Patel Aniruddh D. Patel Professor, Dept. of Psychology, Tufts University CIFAR Fellow Brain, Mind, and Consciousness Program https://as.tufts.edu/psychology/people/faculty/aniruddh-patel<https://eur03= .safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Furldefense.com%2Fv3%= 2F__https%3A%2F%2Fas.tufts.edu%2Fpsychology%2Fpeople%2Ffaculty%2Faniruddh-p= atel__%3B!!N0rdg9Wr!-B1Qkijt2L4jWa6kLt8rz81rhupjTXHCULBFwkjjsMo9nLI3X5q-k1M= 0E5xCaAKGZQ%24&data=3D04%7C01%7Cd.baskent%40UMCG.NL%7Cc66117ef83b1430a4a2a0= 8d9d4c09b08%7C335122f9d4f44d67a2fccd6dc20dde70%7C0%7C0%7C637774745977859663= %7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haW= wiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=3D%2BVWVqAOSl7ev4xM3PIXTxlSVlsvQcndVQhxc%2BP2= AjlY%3D&reserved=3D0> -- Leslie R. Bernstein, Ph.D. | Professor Depts. of Neuroscience and Surgery (Otolaryngology) | UConn School of Medic= ine 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3401 Office: 860.679.4622 | Fax: 860.679.2495 [cid:part2.6C7172B4.8FABA85E@xxxxxxxx ________________________________ De inhoud van dit bericht is vertrouwelijk en alleen bestemd voor de geadre= sseerde(n). Anderen dan de geadresseerde(n) mogen geen gebruik maken van di= t bericht, het niet openbaar maken of op enige wijze verspreiden of vermeni= gvuldigen. Het UMCG kan niet aansprakelijk gesteld worden voor een incomple= te aankomst of vertraging van dit verzonden bericht. The contents of this message are confidential and only intended for the eye= s of the addressee(s). Others than the addressee(s) are not allowed to use = this message, to make it public or to distribute or multiply this message i= n any way. The UMCG cannot be held responsible for incomplete reception or = delay of this transferred message. --_000_db1b15db479544b488d3cb3bc290ff25umcgnl_ Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-2" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable <html> <head> <meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-= 2"> <style type=3D"text/css" style=3D"display:none;"><!-- P {margin-top:0;margi= n-bottom:0;} --></style> </head> <body dir=3D"ltr"> <div id=3D"divtagdefaultwrapper" dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; colo= r: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, Helvetica, Em= ojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoCol= orEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbo= ls;"> <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm; font-size:medium; font-family:C= alibri,sans-serif"> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Dear </span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style= =3D"font-size:10pt">all</span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">,</span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm; font-size:medium; font-family:C= alibri,sans-serif"> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm; font-size:medium; font-family:C= alibri,sans-serif"> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt">If you will look for McFadden papers, please= also see a commentary we wrote about </span><span lang=3D"EN-US" styl= e=3D"font-size:10pt">one of his related papers</span><span style=3D"font-si= ze:10pt">. The point of this commentary is that maybe sex/gender differences (or race</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"= font-size:10pt"> differences</span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">&nbs= p;also) are not as "well known"</span><span style=3D"font-size:10= pt"> <span lang=3D"EN-US">as we assume, </span></span><span style= =3D"font-size:10pt">and there could be a number of confounds in such studies</span><span style=3D"= font-size:10pt">:</span><span style=3D"font-family:"Times New Roman&qu= ot;,serif"></span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm; font-size:medium; font-family:C= alibri,sans-serif"> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt"><a href=3D"https://psyarxiv.com/ghfpv/" id= =3D"LPlnk232164" style=3D"color:rgb(149,79,114)" previewremoved=3D"true">ht= tps://psyarxiv.com/ghfpv/</a></span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm; font-size:medium; font-family:C= alibri,sans-serif"> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm; font-size:medium; font-family:C= alibri,sans-serif"> <span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt">When choosing references for = such differences, I think it pays to be a bit critical to not potentially s= pread possibly not very clear or accurate findings.</span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm; font-size:medium; font-family:C= alibri,sans-serif"> <span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm; font-size:medium; font-family:C= alibri,sans-serif"> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Ani, your question is a legitimate one, ie, = if some effects reported in </span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-= size:10pt">one </span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">small</span><span= lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt">-</span><span style=3D"font-size:1= 0pt">sample size stud</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt">y</span><spa= n lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </span><span lang=3D"EN-US"= style=3D"font-size:10pt">would </span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">= also hold with larger populations</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-= size:10pt">, or across a number of studies</span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">. = </span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt">What I observe</span><= span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> is that </span><span lang=3D"EN-US= " style=3D"font-size:10pt">often</span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> = ;we </span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt">add an analysis of</span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> sex/gender</span= ><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt">/race</span><span lang=3D"EN= -US" style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"fo= nt-size:10pt">factor</span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> without a strong background hypothesis for why we should </span><span lang=3D= "EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt">do so</span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"= >, and it feels often this </span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"f= ont-size:10pt">analysis</span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> is done just because it has</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-siz= e:10pt"> always</span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> been done. = And then when we find an effect within a small population and for a study t= hat was not necessarily designed for investigating sex differences, we conclude </span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-si= ze:10pt">a bit </span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">fast that there i= s such difference. In many listening</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"fo= nt-size:10pt">/speech</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt">&= nbsp;</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt">tests</span><span= style=3D"font-size:10pt">, linguistic skills, musical </span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-= size:10pt">background</span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> or aptitud= e, </span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">own or parents' educatio= n level (especially fo</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt">= r</span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> children), or other demographic factors may actually play a larger role, but somehow ins= tead of </span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt">such pote= ntially more relevant factors,</span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> g= ender/sex difference analysis is conducted. I am worried this leads to misleading conclusions.</span><span style=3D"font-fa= mily:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm; font-size:medium; font-family:C= alibri,sans-serif"> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm; font-size:medium; font-family:C= alibri,sans-serif"> <span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt">W</span><span style=3D"font-s= ize:10pt">here a sex difference is reported, it is sometimes done based&nbs= p;on great many assumptions. One big assumption is that what one= reports as gender is equivalent to one's sex too. For example, if there is a female-sex related hormone that may have an effect = on a hearing-related mechanism, then one's reported gender may or may not i= ndicate the presence of such hormone. How could we know that? Same goes wit= h race effects. One may identify themselves as African-American without having dark skin, while the hearing= -effects related to skin color have been shown for melatonin</span><span la= ng=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt"> levels</span><span style=3D"fon= t-size:10pt">. Hence, without measuring melatonin or skin color per se, and just asking participants their self-identified r= ace, again, </span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt">may</= span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> lead to wrong conclusions.</span>= </p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm; font-size:medium; font-family:C= alibri,sans-serif"> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm; font-size:medium; font-family:C= alibri,sans-serif"> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Where </span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style= =3D"font-size:10pt">there seems</span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> = consistent differences between males and females</span><span lang=3D"EN-US"= style=3D"font-size:10pt"> in literature</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" st= yle=3D"font-size:10pt"> </span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size= :10pt">seems in</span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> the hearing thresholds in ol= der age</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt"> group</sp= an><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">s, and often these are large-sample studi= es</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt"> and seem to hold across different populations across studies. (By the way, it&= nbsp;</span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">looks like this difference seems= to become smaller with younger generations.</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" sty= le=3D"font-size:10pt">)</span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> An idea related to this is female hormones potentially having protective effe= cts</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt"> for hearing</= span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">, as mentioned above, but another idea = is environmental factors, such as males being </span><span lang=3D"EN-= US" style=3D"font-size:10pt">more </span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt= ">exposed to louder environments, especially in older generations, such as working i= n factories with no or minimal hearing protection.</span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm; font-size:medium; font-family:C= alibri,sans-serif"> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm; font-size:medium; font-family:C= alibri,sans-serif"> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt">In short, these differences may or= may not be there, but I would not </span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style= =3D"font-size:10pt">say</span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> these ar= e well-known.</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt"> It is not a given.</span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> Instead, I woul= d suggest that we all be careful about what a study really measured</s= pan><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt"> and was the finding= valid;</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </span><s= pan style=3D"font-size:10pt">was it really designed to identify such differ</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" styl= e=3D"font-size:10pt">en</span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">ces</span><spa= n lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt">,</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" styl= e=3D"font-size:10pt"></span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt">d= id it </span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt">use correct paradigms</span>= <span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt">, did it choose appropriate p= opulations,</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </spa= n><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt">are </span><span style= =3D"font-size:10pt">conclusion</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-siz= e:10pt">s</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </span>= <span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt">interpreted correctly?</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </spa= n><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10pt">A</span><span style=3D"font= -size:10pt">lso in own studies, are we looking into such differences for go= od reasons, based on prior work and evidence for it, or just because it has always been done this way and it is easy to thr= ow this factor into the analysis</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-s= ize:10pt">?</span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm; font-size:medium; font-family:C= alibri,sans-serif"> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm; font-size:medium; font-family:C= alibri,sans-serif"> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt">This would be my long answer to a seemingly = short question. :) Hope it helps.</span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm; font-size:medium; font-family:C= alibri,sans-serif"> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt"> </span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm; font-size:medium; font-family:C= alibri,sans-serif"> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Best,</span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin:0cm; font-size:medium; font-family:C= alibri,sans-serif"> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt">Deniz</span></p> <div id=3D"Signature"> <div id=3D"divtagdefaultwrapper" dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"font-size:10pt; color= :rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,Helvetica,EmojiFont,&= quot;Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,&quo= t;Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols"> <div style=3D"font-family:Tahoma; font-size:13px"> <div style=3D"font-family:Tahoma; font-size:13px"> <div><font size=3D"2" face=3D"Tahoma"><br> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt; font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif"></= span></font></div> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt; font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif"></= span> <div><font size=3D"2" face=3D"Tahoma"><span><span><span style=3D"font-size:= 10pt; font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif">--------------------------<= /span><br> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt; font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif">Pr= of. dr. ir. D. Ba=BAkent</span></span></span></font></div> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt; font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif"></= span> <div><font size=3D"2" face=3D"Tahoma"><span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt; = font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif">Speech Perception Lab (dB SPL)<br= > </span></span></font> <div dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"color:rgb(32,33,36); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,= sans-serif"> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt; font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif">De= partment of Otorhinolaryngology</span><br> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt; font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif">Sc= hool of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience (BCN)</span></div> <div dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"color:rgb(32,33,36); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,= sans-serif"> <span style=3D"color:black; font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-= size:10pt">W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Sc= ience</span></div> <div dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"color:rgb(32,33,36); font-family:Arial,Helvetica,= sans-serif"> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt; font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif">Un= iversity Medical Center Groningen (UMCG)</span><br> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt; font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif">Un= iversity of Groningen (RUG)</span></div> <font size=3D"2" face=3D"Tahoma"><span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt; font-= family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif">Tel: +31 (0) 50 3612665 (Ms. J. Breetv= eld)</span></span></font></div> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt; font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif"></= span> <div><font size=3D"2" face=3D"Tahoma"><span><span><span id=3D"ms-rterangepa= ste-start"></span><span><span style=3D"font-size:10pt; font-family:Calibri,= Helvetica,sans-serif"></span> <div dir=3D"ltr"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt; font-family:Calibri,Helveti= ca,sans-serif">Visiting address: UMCG, Hanzeplein 1, Room P3.248</span><br> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt; font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif"></= span></div> <span style=3D"font-size:10pt; font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif"></= span> <div dir=3D"ltr"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt; font-family:Calibri,Helveti= ca,sans-serif">Website (also for dB SPL): </span><a href=3D"http://dbaskent.org" target=3D"_blank" id=3D"LPNoLP"><spa= n style=3D"font-size:10pt; font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif">dbaske= nt.org</span></a><font size=3D"2" face=3D"Tahoma"><span><span><span> </span><span id=3D"ms-rterangepaste-end"></span></span></span></font></div> </span></span></span></font></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <br> <br> <div style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0)"> <hr tabindex=3D"-1" style=3D"display:inline-block; width:98%"> <div id=3D"divRplyFwdMsg" dir=3D"ltr"><font face=3D"Calibri, sans-serif" co= lor=3D"#000000" style=3D"font-size:11pt"><b>Van:</b> AUDITORY - Research in= Auditory Perception <AUDITORY@xxxxxxxx> namens Bernstein,Lesl= ie <lbernstein@xxxxxxxx><br> <b>Verzonden:</b> maandag 10 januari 2022 16:45<br> <b>Aan:</b> AUDITORY@xxxxxxxx<br> <b>Onderwerp:</b> Re: Sex differences in auditory processing</font> <div> </div> </div> <div> <div class=3D"moz-cite-prefix"><font face=3D"Verdana">Google: sex differenc= es McFadden</font><br> <br> On 1/9/2022 10:33 AM, Patel, Aniruddh D. wrote:<br> </div> <blockquote type=3D"cite"> <div style=3D"background-color:#D5EAFF; padding:.8em"> <div style=3D"font-size:12pt; color:#ff0000; text-align:center; font-family= :'Calibri',sans-serif"> *** Attention: This is an external email. Use caution responding, opening a= ttachments or clicking on links. ***</div> </div> <div> <div style=3D"font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:12p= t; color:rgb(0,0,0)"> <span style=3D"margin:0px; font-size:12pt; color:black; background-color:rg= b(255,255,255)">Dear List,</span></div> <div style=3D"font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:12p= t; color:rgb(0,0,0)"> <span style=3D"margin:0px; font-size:12pt; color:black; background-color:rg= b(255,255,255)"><br> </span></div> <div style=3D"font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:12p= t; color:rgb(0,0,0)"> <span style=3D"margin:0px; font-size:12pt; color:black; background-color:rg= b(255,255,255)">I am trying to find papers reporting sex differences in beh= avioral or neural measures of auditory processing in vertebrates.</span> <div style=3D"margin:0px; font-size:12pt; color:black; background-color:rgb= (255,255,255)"> <span style=3D"margin:0px">I'd be grateful for pointers to any references, = including review chapters.</span></div> <div style=3D"margin:0px; font-size:12pt; color:black; background-color:rgb= (255,255,255)"> <span style=3D"margin:0px"><br> </span></div> <div style=3D"margin:0px; font-size:12pt; color:black; background-color:rgb= (255,255,255)"> <span style=3D"margin:0px">Btw, my impression from the papers I've found so= far is that females generally outperform males (e.g., refs below), and I w= onder if this holds across a larger </span></div> <div style=3D"margin:0px; font-size:12pt; color:black; background-color:rgb= (255,255,255)"> <span style=3D"margin:0px">set of studies.</span></div> <div style=3D"margin:0px; font-size:12pt; color:black; background-color:rgb= (255,255,255)"> <span style=3D"margin:0px"><br> </span></div> <div style=3D"margin:0px; font-size:12pt; color:black; background-color:rgb= (255,255,255)"> <span style=3D"margin:0px"><span style=3D"margin:0px; font-size:13px; font-= family:Arial,sans-serif; color:rgb(34,34,34); text-align:left; background-c= olor:white">Benichov, J. I., Benezra, S. E., Vallentin, D., Globerson, E., = Long, M. A., & Tchernichovski, O. (2016). The forebrain song system mediates predictive call timing in female and ma= le zebra finches.<span style=3D"margin:0px"> </span></span><i style=3D= "color:rgb(34,34,34); font-size:13px; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; text-al= ign:left; background-color:white">Current Biology</i><span style=3D"margin:0px; font-size:13px; font-family:Arial,sa= ns-serif; color:rgb(34,34,34); text-align:left; background-color:white">,<s= pan style=3D"margin:0px"> </span></span><i style=3D"color:rgb(34,34,34= ); font-size:13px; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; text-align:left; backgroun= d-color:white">26</i><span style=3D"margin:0px; font-size:13px; font-family= :Arial,sans-serif; color:rgb(34,34,34); text-align:left; background-color:w= hite">(3), 309-318.</span><br> </span></div> <div style=3D"margin:0px; font-size:12pt; color:black; background-color:rgb= (255,255,255)"> <span style=3D"margin:0px"><span style=3D"margin:0px; font-size:13px; font-= family:Arial,sans-serif; color:rgb(34,34,34); text-align:left; background-c= olor:white"><br> </span></span></div> <div style=3D"margin:0px; font-size:12pt; color:black; background-color:rgb= (255,255,255)"> <span style=3D"margin:0px"><span style=3D"margin:0px; font-size:13px; font-= family:Arial,sans-serif; color:rgb(34,34,34); text-align:left; background-c= olor:white">Kriengwatana, B., Spierings, M. J., & ten Cate, C. (2016). = Auditory discrimination learning in zebra finches: effects of sex, early life conditions and stimulus characteristic= s.<span style=3D"margin:0px"> </span></span><i style=3D"color:rgb(34,3= 4,34); font-size:13px; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; text-align:left; backg= round-color:white">Animal Behaviour</i><span style=3D"margin:0px; font-size= :13px; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:rgb(34,34,34); text-align:left; = background-color:white">,<span style=3D"margin:0px"> </span></span><i = style=3D"color:rgb(34,34,34); font-size:13px; font-family:Arial,sans-serif;= text-align:left; background-color:white">116</i><span style=3D"margin:0px;= font-size:13px; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; color:rgb(34,34,34); text-al= ign:left; background-color:white">, 99-112.</span><br> </span></div> <div style=3D"margin:0px; font-size:12pt; color:black; background-color:rgb= (255,255,255)"> <span style=3D"margin:0px"><br> </span></div> <div style=3D"margin:0px; font-size:12pt; color:black; background-color:rgb= (255,255,255)"> <span style=3D"margin:0px"><span style=3D"color:rgb(34,34,34); font-family:= Arial,sans-serif; font-size:13px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(255= ,255,255); display:inline!important">Krizman, J., Bonacina, S., & Kraus= , N. (2020). Sex differences in subcortical auditory processing only partially explain higher prevalence of language d= isorders in males.<span> </span></span><i style=3D"color:rgb(34,34,34)= ; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:13px; text-align:left; background= -color:rgb(255,255,255)">Hearing research</i><span style=3D"color:rgb(34,34= ,34); font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:13px; text-align:left; backgr= ound-color:rgb(255,255,255); display:inline!important">,<span> </span>= </span><i style=3D"color:rgb(34,34,34); font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-= size:13px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">398</i><span= style=3D"color:rgb(34,34,34); font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:13px= ; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(255,255,255); display:inline!import= ant">, 108075.</span><br> </span></div> <div style=3D"margin:0px; font-size:12pt; color:black; background-color:rgb= (255,255,255)"> <span style=3D"margin:0px"><br> </span></div> <div style=3D"margin:0px; font-size:12pt; color:black; background-color:rgb= (255,255,255)"> <span style=3D"margin:0px">Thanks, and best wishes for the new year,</span>= <br> </div> <div style=3D"margin:0px; font-size:12pt; color:black; background-color:rgb= (255,255,255)"> <span style=3D"margin:0px"><br> </span></div> <span style=3D"margin:0px; font-size:12pt; color:black; background-color:rg= b(255,255,255)"><span style=3D"margin:0px">Ani Patel</span></span><br> </div> <div> <div style=3D"font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:12p= t; color:rgb(0,0,0)"> <br> </div> <div id=3D"Signature"> <div> <div style=3D"font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:12p= t; color:rgb(0,0,0)"> </div> <div style=3D"font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:12p= t; color:rgb(0,0,0)"> Aniruddh D. Patel</div> <div style=3D"font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:12p= t; color:rgb(0,0,0)"> Professor, Dept. of Psychology, Tufts University</div> <div style=3D"font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:12p= t; color:rgb(0,0,0)"> <span style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-s= erif; font-size:12pt"><br> </span></div> <div style=3D"font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:12p= t; color:rgb(0,0,0)"> <span style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-s= erif; font-size:12pt">CIFAR Fellow </span><br> </div> <div style=3D"font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:12p= t; color:rgb(0,0,0)"> Brain, Mind, and Consciousness Program</div> <div style=3D"font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:12p= t; color:rgb(0,0,0)"> <br> </div> <div style=3D"font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:12p= t; color:rgb(0,0,0)"> <a href=3D"https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=3Dhttps%3A%2= F%2Furldefense.com%2Fv3%2F__https%3A%2F%2Fas.tufts.edu%2Fpsychology%2Fpeopl= e%2Ffaculty%2Faniruddh-patel__%3B!!N0rdg9Wr!-B1Qkijt2L4jWa6kLt8rz81rhupjTXH= CULBFwkjjsMo9nLI3X5q-k1M0E5xCaAKGZQ%24&data=3D04%7C01%7Cd.baskent%40UMC= G.NL%7Cc66117ef83b1430a4a2a08d9d4c09b08%7C335122f9d4f44d67a2fccd6dc20dde70%= 7C0%7C0%7C637774745977859663%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLC= JQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=3D%2BVWVqAOSl= 7ev4xM3PIXTxlSVlsvQcndVQhxc%2BP2AjlY%3D&reserved=3D0">https://as.tufts.= edu/psychology/people/faculty/aniruddh-patel</a><br> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </blockquote> <br> <br> <div class=3D"moz-signature">-- <br> <b><span style=3D"">Leslie R. 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