Subject: Re: [AUDITORY] Papers on lack of effect of musical training From: PIerre DIVENYI <pdivenyi@xxxxxxxx> Date: Mon, 17 Aug 2020 00:10:06 -0700--Apple-Mail-C164F859-7A0D-407E-B527-984998E17699 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Dear Henkjan, I agree with what you are saying =E2=80=94 individual differences are the ke= yword. I am saying because at 82+ I would love to see the cognitive benefits= of music (I have gone back to playing the piano, both alone and online Lied= er with a singer friend) but so far they seem to have escaped. Best wishes, stay out of the virus=E2=80=99 path, =E2=80=94Pierre Divenyi Sent from my autocorrecting iPad > On Aug 16, 2020, at 21:44, Prof. dr Henkjan Honing <honing@xxxxxxxx> wrote: >=20 > =EF=BB=BF >=20 > I agree with Sam, Ian and others that the cognitive benefits of music tend= to be overestimated, often for non-scientific reasons. Similar effects can b= e seen in the literature on benefits for health care. I have been critical i= n the public debate about these =E2=80=99shouting ourselves in the foot clai= ms' (mostly in Dutch, e.g. [1]).=20 >=20 > Nevertheless, I believe that showing that music matters, is a good thing, w= hile being appreciative of individual differences (btw fundamental to a phen= omics and genetics of musicality [2]) and differences across cultures and so= cieties [3]. Music is not just culture, and it is also not just biology. >=20 > Henkjan >=20 > [1] http://www.mcg.uva.nl/press/press-Pages/page-188.html > [2] https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0092 > [3] https://doi.org/10.1525/mp.2020.37.3.185 >=20 >> On 15 Aug 2020, at 12:35, Samuel Mehr <sam@xxxxxxxx> wrote: >>=20 >> Hi AUDITORY, not that anyone asked, but I agree with Ian, and wrote to th= at effect in this Times op-ed https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/22/opinion/sun= day/music-and-success.html >>> But even if future studies fail to support the existence of music=E2=80=99= s cognitive benefits, this should not deter parents from providing their chi= ldren with music lessons. Our findings in no way diminish the intrinsic valu= e of music education, which is so obvious that it needs no validation from e= mpirical study. We=E2=80=99ve made literature, history, mathematics and scie= nce core elements of education. Why should music =E2=80=94 a human activity o= lder than the written word =E2=80=94 be any different?=20 >>> My colleagues and I urge parents, teachers, school administrators and po= licy makers to make music education a part of children=E2=80=99s lives for t= he musical skills it imparts, the cultural knowledge it conveys and, above a= ll, the joy it brings. As Aristotle wrote, music =E2=80=9Cmakes the hearts o= f men glad: so that on this ground alone we may assume that the young ought t= o be trained in it.=E2=80=9D >>=20 >> -- >> Samuel Mehr >> Department of Psychology >> Harvard University >> Be a citizen scientist at themusiclab.org! >>=20 >>=20 >> On Sat, Aug 15, 2020 at 6:18 AM Ian Cross <ic108@xxxxxxxx> wrote: >>>=20 >>> To play devil's advocate here, I'm not sure that the question of whether= or not musical training has effects beyond music in is worth asking, other t= han in the political attempt to counter the philistinism of a utilitarian ca= pitalism that discounts any investment in activities that are not obviously o= f immediate economic value. One of the persistent problems with research int= o phenomena such as "effects of musical training" or "genetics of musicality= " is a failure to recognise the culture-specificity of the concepts "musical= training" and "musicality". Even in what might be construed as the fairly h= omogeneous musical culture of contemporary Europe, different skills are acco= rded different degrees of importance in different national music-educational= traditions. "Musicality" across Europe is something of a Frankenstein conc= ept =E2=80=94 and once one moves beyond Europe the diversity of what might c= ount as "musicality" only increases. Hence one would expect to find quite d= ifferent answers to the question that are highly dependent on cultural conte= xt =E2=80=94 even if one could identify what one intends by the term "music"= in the first place. >>>=20 >>> =20 >>> Best, >>>=20 >>> Ian Cross >>>=20 >>> On 15/08/2020 07:57, Colette McKAY wrote: >>>> note that papers comparing musicians and non-musicians in cross-section= al studies cannot separate effects of music training and innate (genetic bas= ed) characteristics. >>>> Similarly, in those studies, correlations of effects with amount of mus= ic training or engagement in training cannot separate effects of training an= d innate characteristics. >>>>=20 >>>> Longitudinal training studies with careful control of expectation bias a= nd innate characteristics are the only valid way to see if the training itse= lf is being transferred to other cognitive or sensory domains. Unfortunately= most of those studies have low quality research designs and the chance of f= inding an effect of music training is positively correlated with poor design= (inappropriate or no control, no randomisation, wrong statistics). e.g. Sal= a, G., & Gobet, F. (2020). Cognitive and academic benefits of music training= with children: A multilevel meta-analysis. Mem Cognit. doi:10.3758/s13421-0= 20-01060-2 found null effect of music training on cognitive outcomes when t= he correlation of effect size with quality of research design was partialled= out of the analysis. >>>>=20 >>>> There is also a growing literature of genetic studies and twin studies t= hat highlight the genetic differences between people with musical aptitude o= r not. This link is largely ignored in "music training" studies >>>>=20 >>>> best, >>>> Colette McKay >=20 > . > University of Amsterdam > Faculty of Humanities=20 > Faculty of Science > =20 > Prof. dr Henkjan Honing > Professor of Music Cognition > =20 > Academic: www.mcg.uva.nl =20 > Professional: www.iedereenismuzikaal.nl > New books: www.mitpress.mit.edu/contributors/henkjan-honing > . >=20 --Apple-Mail-C164F859-7A0D-407E-B527-984998E17699 Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable <html><head><meta http-equiv=3D"content-type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3D= utf-8"></head><body dir=3D"auto">Dear Henkjan,<div><br></div><div>I agree wi= th what you are saying =E2=80=94 individual differences are the keyword. I a= m saying because at 82+ I would love to see the cognitive benefits of music (= I have gone back to playing the piano, both alone and online Lieder with a s= inger friend) but so far they seem to have escaped.</div><div><br></div><div= >Best wishes, stay out of the virus=E2=80=99 path,</div><div>=E2=80=94Pierre= Divenyi<br><br><div dir=3D"ltr">Sent from my autocorrecting iPad</div><div d= ir=3D"ltr"><br><blockquote type=3D"cite">On Aug 16, 2020, at 21:44, Prof. dr= Henkjan Honing <honing@xxxxxxxx> wrote:<br><br></blockquote></div><bloc= kquote type=3D"cite"><div dir=3D"ltr">=EF=BB=BF<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-T= ype" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dutf-8"><div class=3D""><br class=3D""><= /div>I agree with Sam, Ian and others that the cognitive benefits of music t= end to be overestimated, often for non-scientific reasons. Similar effects c= an be seen in the literature on benefits for health care. I have been critic= al in the public debate about these =E2=80=99shouting ourselves in the foot c= laims' (mostly in Dutch, e.g. [1]). <div class=3D""><br class=3D""></di= v><div class=3D"">Nevertheless, I believe that showing that <i class=3D"">mu= sic matters</i>, is a good thing, while being appreciative of individual dif= ferences (btw fundamental to a phenomics and genetics of musicality [2]) and= differences across cultures and societies [3]. Music is not just culture, a= nd it is also not just biology.<div class=3D""><br class=3D""></div><div cla= ss=3D""><i class=3D"">Henkjan</i></div><div class=3D""><i class=3D""><br cla= ss=3D""></i></div><div class=3D""><span style=3D"font-style: normal;" class=3D= "">[1] </span><a href=3D"http://www.mcg.uva.nl/press/press-Pages/page-1= 88.html" class=3D"">http://www.mcg.uva.nl/press/press-Pages/page-188.html</a= ></div><div class=3D""><span style=3D"font-style: normal;" class=3D"">[2]&nb= sp;</span><a href=3D"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0092" class=3D"epub-s= ection__doi__text">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0092</a></div><div clas= s=3D""><span style=3D"font-style: normal;" class=3D"">[3] </span><a hre= f=3D"https://doi.org/10.1525/mp.2020.37.3.185" target=3D"_blank" class=3D"">= https://doi.org/10.1525/mp.2020.37.3.185</a><div class=3D"ww-citation-wrap-d= oi"> <div class=3D"citation-doi"> </div></div><div><br class=3D""><blockquote type=3D"cite= " class=3D""><div class=3D"">On 15 Aug 2020, at 12:35, Samuel Mehr <<a hr= ef=3D"mailto:sam@xxxxxxxx" class=3D"">sam@xxxxxxxx</a>> wro= te:</div><br class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=3D""><meta http-= equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dutf-8" class=3D""><di= v dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"">Hi AUDITORY, not that anyone asked, but I agree wit= h Ian, and wrote to that effect in this Times op-ed <a href=3D"https://= eur04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%= 2F2013%2F12%2F22%2Fopinion%2Fsunday%2Fmusic-and-success.html&data=3D02%7= C01%7CH.J.Honing%40uva.nl%7C0d906f2ea78649dd33c208d8419f9c8a%7Ca0f1cacd618c4= 403b94576fb3d6874e5%7C1%7C0%7C637331501081167773&sdata=3DJhh8gsjXAWkrsNT= G38%2BsG035R%2BK693%2B69PFq3LioVoE%3D&reserved=3D0" originalsrc=3D"https= ://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/22/opinion/sunday/music-and-success.html" shash=3D= "S6EcfPdvkudeNT1EmTTEXJ62mdbpWKo7s0FdYQfxPFmqPsBOX+BO1lZyc4KLxBemp8Piltq5FM7= Q6mz2Jho6EoAhi2XVoXlm9No+NEar8zuVRfGMtnkTt+djdhlffLenahXcQuwAmwDinbnAUThMr0b= bzXXTOsmmhmCG4gvFftg=3D" target=3D"_blank" class=3D"">https://www.nytimes.co= m/2013/12/22/opinion/sunday/music-and-success.html</a><div class=3D""><block= quote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1p= x solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">But even if future studies fail t= o support the existence of music=E2=80=99s cognitive benefits, this should n= ot deter parents from providing their children with music lessons. Our findi= ngs in no way diminish the intrinsic value of music education, which is so o= bvious that it needs no validation from empirical study. We=E2=80=99ve made l= iterature, history, mathematics and science core elements of education. Why s= hould music =E2=80=94 a human activity older than the written word =E2=80=94= be any different? <br class=3D"">My colleagues and I urge parents, tea= chers, school administrators and policy makers to make music education a par= t of children=E2=80=99s lives for the musical skills it imparts, the cultura= l knowledge it conveys and, above all, the joy it brings. As Aristotle wrote= , music =E2=80=9Cmakes the hearts of men glad: so that on this ground alone w= e may assume that the young ought to be trained in it.=E2=80=9D</blockquote>= <div class=3D""><br class=3D""></div><div class=3D""><div class=3D""><div di= r=3D"ltr" data-smartmail=3D"gmail_signature" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" cla= ss=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D""><div dir=3D"= ltr" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D""><div= dir=3D"ltr" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D= ""><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" c= lass=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D""><div dir=3D= "ltr" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D""><di= v dir=3D"ltr" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D= ""><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" c= lass=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D""><div style=3D"font-size:12.8px" class=3D= ""><div style=3D"font-size:12.8px" class=3D""><div style=3D"font-size:12.8px= " class=3D""><div style=3D"font-size:12.8px" class=3D""><div style=3D"font-s= ize:12.8px" class=3D""><div style=3D"font-size:12.8px" class=3D""><div style= =3D"font-size:12.8px" class=3D""><div style=3D"color:rgb(136,136,136);font-s= ize:12.8px" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"color:rgb(34,34,34);font-si= ze:12.8px" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"font-size:12.8px" class=3D""= ><div dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"font-size:12.8px" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" sty= le=3D"font-size:12.8px" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"font-size:12.8p= x" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"font-size:12.8px" class=3D""><div di= r=3D"ltr" style=3D"font-size:12.8px" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"fo= nt-size:12.8px" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"font-size:12.8px" class= =3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"font-size:12.8px" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr= " style=3D"font-size:12.8px" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"font-size:= 12.8px" class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"font-size:12.8px" class=3D""><f= ont color=3D"#666666" class=3D"">--</font></div></div><div dir=3D"ltr" style= =3D"font-size:12.8px" class=3D""><font color=3D"#666666" class=3D"">Samuel M= ehr</font></div><div style=3D"font-size:12.8px" class=3D""><font color=3D"#6= 66666" class=3D"">Department of Psychology</font></div><div dir=3D"ltr" styl= e=3D"font-size:12.8px" class=3D""><span style=3D"color:rgb(102,102,102);font= -size:12.8px" class=3D"">Harvard University</span></div><div dir=3D"ltr" sty= le=3D"font-size:12.8px" class=3D""><span style=3D"color:rgb(102,102,102);fon= t-size:12.8px" class=3D""><b class=3D"">Be a citizen scientist at <a hr= ef=3D"https://eur04.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fth= emusiclab.org%2F&data=3D02%7C01%7CH.J.Honing%40uva.nl%7C0d906f2ea78649dd= 33c208d8419f9c8a%7Ca0f1cacd618c4403b94576fb3d6874e5%7C1%7C0%7C63733150108117= 7763&sdata=3DMPaa7piu%2BC3dA%2B5u7qOd3Ug9TqrjdDN%2FGSw0s70OBqk%3D&re= served=3D0" originalsrc=3D"https://themusiclab.org/" shash=3D"tqdpUJT5RBKGcX= oVHT/HxTvEpz9XXaMIKbdbc38NyQDNN0PBsDCMaZgz9CJSCgSy8fb8CEjbjXW1M+sxe8jbH0RPIX= y62m/cZxSWynQxuvMNGTrpp5yse7qKFUvt4+0u1TEcmFySshPjB+VwWuhO8z63z8LEYAlvdeS8PW= TQgNo=3D" target=3D"_blank" class=3D"">themusiclab.org</a>!</b></span></div>= </div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></di= v></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></= div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>= </div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br class=3D""></div></div></div><= br class=3D""><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_att= r">On Sat, Aug 15, 2020 at 6:18 AM Ian Cross <<a href=3D"mailto:ic108@xxxxxxxx= .ac.uk" target=3D"_blank" class=3D"">ic108@xxxxxxxx</a>> wrote:<br class= =3D""></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.= 8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"> =20 =20 =20 <div class=3D""><div class=3D""> <br class=3D"webkit-block-placeholder"></div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">To p= lay devil's advocate here, I'm not sure that the question of whether or not musical training has effects beyond music in is worth asking, other than in the political attempt to counter the philistinism of a utilitarian capitalism that discounts any investment in activities that are not obviously of immediate economic value. One of the persistent problems with research into phenomena such as "effects of musical training" or "genetics of musicality" is a failure to recognise the culture-specificity of the concepts "musical training" and "musicality".<span class=3D""> </span>Even in what might be construed as the fairly homogeneous musical culture of contemporary Europe, different skills are accorded different degrees of importance in different national music-educational traditions.<span class=3D""> </span>"Musicalit= y" across Europe is something of a Frankenstein concept =E2=80=94 and onc= e one moves beyond Europe the diversity of what might count as "musicality" only increases.<span class=3D""> </span>Hence one would expect to find quite different answers to the question that are highly dependent on cultural context =E2=80=94 even if one could identify what one intends= by the term "music" in the first place.</p><div class=3D""> <br class=3D"webk= it-block-placeholder"></div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">Best,</p> <span class=3D"">Ian Cross</span><div class=3D""> <br class=3D"webkit-block-placeholder"></div> <div class=3D"">On 15/08/2020 07:57, Colette McKAY wrote:<br class=3D""> </div> <blockquote type=3D"cite" class=3D""> =20 =20 =20 <div style=3D"direction: ltr; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 10pt;" c= lass=3D"">note that papers comparing musicians and non-musicians in cross-sectional studies cannot separate effects of music training and innate (genetic based) characteristics. <div class=3D"">Similarly, in those studies, correlations of effects= with amount of music training or engagement in training cannot separate effects of training and innate characteristics.</div> <div class=3D""><br class=3D""> </div> <div class=3D"">Longitudinal training studies with careful control o= f expectation bias and innate characteristics are the only valid way to see if the training <u class=3D"">itself</u> is b= eing transferred to other cognitive or sensory domains. Unfortunately most of those studies have low quality research designs and the chance of finding an effect of music training is positively correlated with poor design (inappropriate or no control, no randomisation, wrong statistics). e.g. <span style=3D"color:r= gb(31,73,125);font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14.6667px" class=3D""= >Sala, G., & Gobet, F. (2020). Cognitive and academic benefits of music training with children: A multilevel meta-analysis. Mem Cognit. doi:10.3758/s13421-020-01060-2 </span><span style=3D"= font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:14.6667px" class=3D"">f</span><span= style=3D"font-size:14.6667px" class=3D"">ound null effect of music training on cognitive outcomes when the correlation of effect size with quality of research design was partialled out of the analysis.</span></div> <div class=3D""><br class=3D""> <div class=3D"">There is also a growing literature of genetic stud= ies and twin studies that highlight the genetic differences between people with musical aptitude or not. This link is largely ignored in "music training" studies</div> <div class=3D""><br class=3D""> </div> <div class=3D"">best,</div> <div class=3D"">Colette McKay</div> </div> </div></blockquote></div></blockquote></div></div></blockquote></div= ><br class=3D""><div class=3D""> <div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); l= etter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: n= one; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;= text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; lin= e-break: after-white-space;" class=3D""><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"caret-col= or: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: s= tart; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spac= ing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: b= reak-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=3D= ""><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); 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col= or: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0p= x; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-tex= t-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-n= bsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=3D""><div dir=3D"auto= " style=3D"caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: n= ormal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-spac= e: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoratio= n: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-= white-space;" class=3D""><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0= ); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-inde= nt: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webk= it-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -we= bkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=3D""><div dir=3D= "auto" style=3D"caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spaci= ng: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white= -space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-deco= ration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: a= fter-white-space;" class=3D""><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"caret-color: rgb(0,= 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text= -indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -= webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word;= -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=3D""><div d= ir=3D"auto" style=3D"caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-= spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; w= hite-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-= decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-brea= k: after-white-space;" class=3D""><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"text-align: sta= rt; text-indent: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-= break: after-white-space;" class=3D""><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"text-align:= start; text-indent: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; l= ine-break: after-white-space;" class=3D""><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"text-al= ign: start; text-indent: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: spac= e; line-break: after-white-space;" class=3D""><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"tex= t-align: start; text-indent: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: s= pace; line-break: after-white-space;" class=3D""><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"= word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-spa= ce;" class=3D""><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"text-align: start; text-indent: 0= px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white= -space;" class=3D""><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"text-align: start; text-inden= t: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-w= hite-space;" class=3D""><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -w= ebkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=3D""><div styl= e=3D"text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;"><div style=3D"orphans: 2; widows:= 2; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;" class=3D""><div dir=3D"auto" style= =3D"orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; widows: 2; word-wrap: b= reak-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=3D= ""><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: spac= e; line-break: after-white-space;" class=3D""><div style=3D"margin-bottom: 0= px; margin-top: 0px;" class=3D""><div style=3D"caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); co= lor: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spa= cing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; t= ext-decoration: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Courier; f= ont-size: 14px;" class=3D""><div class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size: 10px; c= olor: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Calibri;" class=3D"">.</span></div></= div><div style=3D"caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style= : normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform:= none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: none; -webki= t-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Courier; font-weight: normal;" class=3D= ""><span style=3D"font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family:= Calibri; font-size: 12px;" class=3D"">University of Amsterdam</span></div><= div style=3D"caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: nor= mal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none= ; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: none; -webkit-tex= t-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Courier; font-weight: normal;" class=3D"">= <span style=3D"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Calibri; font-size: 1= 2px;" class=3D"">Faculty of Humanities </span></div><div style=3D"caret= -color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-= caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: nor= mal; word-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0p= x; font-family: Courier; font-weight: normal;" class=3D""><span style=3D"col= or: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12px;" class=3D"">Fa= culty of Science</span></div><div style=3D"caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color:= rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing= : normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; text= -decoration: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Courier; fon= t-weight: normal;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size: 12px;" class=3D"">&n= bsp;</span></div><div style=3D"caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0= ); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; te= xt-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; text-decoration:= none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Courier; font-weight: no= rmal;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 102, 102= ); font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12px;" class=3D"">Prof. dr Henkjan Honin= g</span></div><div style=3D"caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); f= ont-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; whit= e-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: none; -webkit-text-stro= ke-width: 0px; font-family: Courier; font-weight: normal;" class=3D""><span s= tyle=3D"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12px; fo= nt-style: normal;" class=3D"">Professor of Music Cognition</span></div><div s= tyle=3D"caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; f= ont-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; whit= e-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: none; -webkit-text-stro= ke-width: 0px; font-family: Courier; font-weight: normal;" class=3D""><span s= tyle=3D"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12px;" c= lass=3D""> </span></div><div class=3D""><font color=3D"#666666" face=3D= "Calibri" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size: 12px;" class=3D"">Academic:&n= bsp;<a href=3D"http://www.mcg.uva.nl" class=3D"">www.mcg.uva.nl</a> </= span></font></div><div class=3D""><font color=3D"#666666" face=3D"Calibri" c= lass=3D""><span style=3D"font-size: 12px;" class=3D"">Professional: <a h= ref=3D"http://www.iedereenismuzikaal.nl" class=3D"">www.iedereenismuzikaal.n= l</a></span></font></div><div style=3D"caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb= (0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: no= rmal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; text-dec= oration: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Courier; font-we= ight: normal;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-size: 12px;" class=3D""><span s= tyle=3D"color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Calibri;" class=3D"">New boo= ks: <span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"><a href=3D"http://www.mitpres= s.mit.edu/contributors/henkjan-honing" class=3D"">www.mitpress.mit.edu/contr= ibutors/henkjan-honing</a></span></span></span></div><div style=3D"caret-col= or: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps= : normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal;= word-spacing: 0px; text-decoration: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; f= ont-family: Courier; font-weight: normal;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-si= ze: 10px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Calibri;" class=3D"">.</sp= an></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><= /div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div= ></div></div></div> </div> <br class=3D""></div></div></div></blockquote></div></body></html>= --Apple-Mail-C164F859-7A0D-407E-B527-984998E17699--