Re: [AUDITORY] Responses to query on deafness and music (PIerre DIVENYI )


Subject: Re: [AUDITORY] Responses to query on deafness and music
From:    PIerre DIVENYI  <pdivenyi@xxxxxxxx>
Date:    Wed, 21 Feb 2018 09:21:24 -0800
List-Archive:<http://lists.mcgill.ca/scripts/wa.exe?LIST=AUDITORY>

--Apple-Mail-60D45939-85B3-4654-B151-9368121406FA Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Thank you Ani for posting these replies! I learned a lot from them. Pierre Sent from my iPad > On Feb 20, 2018, at 14:10, Patel, Aniruddh D. <a.patel@xxxxxxxx> wrote: >=20 > Dear List, > =20 > Several people have asked for a collation of responses to my Nov 10 2017 q= uery about deafness and music. The collation is below. These responses were= either sent to the list or to me privately (in the latter case, they are re= produced with permission). > =20 > Regards, > =20 > Ani Patel > http://ase.tufts.edu/psychology/people/patel/ > =20 > =20 > Responses to query on deafness and music > =20 > Original Query, sent Nov 10, 2017: > =20 > Dear List, > =20 > This new video on deafness and music may interest some of you: > https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/03/opinion/cochlear-implant-sound-music.ht= ml > =20 > If any of you have references to research studies on how deaf individuals p= erceive / respond to music, can you please send me the citation(s)? I am tr= ying to assemble a bibliography for my students. > =20 > Thanks, > Ani Patel > =20 > =20 > Responses > ---------------------------------------------------------- > =46rom Ken Grant: > =20 > Please look up the work done in the early 80s with the indigo girls who to= ured with a sign interpreter. That=E2=80=99s because they had a large deaf f= ollowing. Surely says a lot about deaf love of music.=20 >=20 > --- > =20 > =46rom Pauline Tranchant & Martha Shiell: > =20 > Thank you for sharing this video. We recently published the study presente= d at ICMPC in 2016:=20 > Tranchant, P., Shiell, M. M., Giordano, M., Nadeau, A., Peretz, I., & Zato= rre, R. J. (2017). Feeling the beat: bouncing synchronization to vibrotactil= e music in hearing and early deaf people. Frontiers in neuroscience, 11, 507= . >=20 > https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2017.00507/full > =20 > --- > =20 > =46rom Peter Lennox: > =20 > This ref might be useful: > https://ahlab.org/sites/default/files/p_nanayakkara_2013_2.pdf > Enhancing Musical Experience for the Hearing-Impaired Using Visual and Hap= tic Displays > Suranga Chandima Nanayakkara, Lonce Wyse, S. H. Ong, and Elizabeth A. Ta= ylor > =20 > --- > =20 > =46rom Ritva Torrpa: > =20 > Please see also the article on Signmark, a deaf, Finnish rap-artist. Not s= cientific, but maybe interesting. Like most deaf, he has residual hearing, b= ut he identifies to the culture of deaf. The story of those with CIs is co= mpletely different.=20 > =20 > https://finland.fi/arts-culture/signmark-does-what-he-wants/ > =20 > --- > =20 > =46rom Tilak Ratnanather: > =20 > One has to remember the heterogenity and diversity among people with heari= ng loss. Kolb can only speak for herself. > =20 > My old school - Mary Hare School - is the designated national grammar sch= ool for deaf children in the UK and was the first known school for the deaf t= o formally introduce music into the curriculum. As someone who witnessed tha= t in the 1970s, I wrote an article on the evolution of music at Mary Hare - > =20 > http://www-usr.rider.edu/~vrme/v14n1/vision/Ratnanather%20Final2.%20.pdf > =20 > The school also offers music therapy for all children regardless of hearin= g loss or not > =20 > https://www.maryhare.org.uk/music-0 > =20 > https://www.maryhare.org.uk/music > =20 > https://www.maryhare.org.uk/music-technology > =20 > Apologies for the shameless plug for the school that made me what I am now= . > =20 > --- > =20 > =46rom Frank Russo: > =20 > We=E2=80=99ve put on a number of concerts for the deaf and there are a few= publications related to this work but they were not very scientific =E2=80=94= this was done in collaboration with Faculty in Fine Arts and New Media. We r= ecently published a good study investigating music training in deaf children= with CI=E2=80=99s. I think that there are links to most of this work on my R= esearchGate profile > =20 > --- > =20 > =46rom Daniele Schon: > =20 > I was last week in Paris for a conference on music and deafness. Mostly ne= urosciences and rehabilitation but some music perception in CI. Nice present= ation of current work by Jeremy Marozeau, showing that the perceived tension= in a musical piece (real performance) is the same for CI holders and normal= hearing people. However, when scrambling the pitches the tension changes fo= r NH people while it does not for CI. Very nice work. Not sure it is out yet= . You can ask him, he is a very nice person. > =20 > --- > =20 > =46rom Leon van Noorden: > =20 > I am married already nearly 14 years with a congenital profoundly deaf lad= y. > =20 > She is deaf from birth to such a degree that she never could hear human sp= eech. Only when a dog would bark hard with a low sound near to her head she w= ould perceive it, but it could have been transduced by the sense of vibratio= n.=20 > =20 > Music means a lot to her. She had many years of piano lessons, and she can= sing many children=E2=80=99s songs, although monotonously. She can speak an= d lip read very fluently in Spanish, her mother language, and French, as sec= ond language. We speak French between us. She reports that her speech improv= ed a lot during a year after college of studying orthophony . She stopped th= is study as it became clear that she would never be able to hear a patients v= oice, but it helped her later a lot to study her second language. > =20 > After obtaining a degree in electronics and telecommunication, during whic= h she had of course to organise her note taking with the aid of other studen= ts and the university, she got the opportunity to enter a doctoral school in= France, while doing research on a hearing aid in a laboratory of France Tel= ecom. This enabled her to obtain a doctorate in applied acoustics. In her wo= rking life she entered in marketing in this Telecom operator and became late= r responsible for equipment and services for handicapped and elderly people,= now known under the title Accessibility. > =20 > She felt never the need for a cochlear implant. My wife grew up in a speci= al family: of the 12 children 5 are normal hearing the rest are profoundly d= eaf from birth. She was the first deaf after 4 normal hearing ones. I think t= hat there are not many deaf persons that are so well integrated in the heari= ng world as these ones are. Of course it would be difficult to say how their= experience would have been if they all would have had a CI at the age of 3 m= onth as is common now. On the other hand my wife thinks that even with a CI h= earing will not be the same a normal hearing. She knows deaf friends where t= he CI support substantially lipreading, but would not enable to understand s= peech while not looking at the other person. I would like to add that also i= n cases where it is not possible to obtain a CI a deaf person can integrate v= ery well in society. And also that such a person helps us, =E2=80=9Cnormal=E2= =80=9D people, to understand that there are more ways through which we perce= ive our environment than we usually think. > =20 > Hope you find this interesting. Don=E2=80=99t hesitate if you or any of yo= ur students want to know more details.=20 > =20 > ---- > =20 > Final note from Ani Patel -- This reference might be of interest: > =20 > Iversen, J. R., Patel, A. D., Nicodemus, B., & Emmorey, K. (2015). Synchro= nization to auditory and visual rhythms in hearing and deaf individuals. Cog= nition, 134, 232-244. > =20 > =20 > =20 --Apple-Mail-60D45939-85B3-4654-B151-9368121406FA Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable <html><head><meta http-equiv=3D"content-type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3D= utf-8"></head><body dir=3D"auto">Thank you Ani for posting these replies! I l= earned a lot from them.<div>Pierre<br><br><div id=3D"AppleMailSignature">Sen= t from my iPad</div><div><br>On Feb 20, 2018, at 14:10, Patel, Aniruddh D. &= lt;<a href=3D"mailto:a.patel@xxxxxxxx">a.patel@xxxxxxxx</a>&gt; wrote:<br>= <br></div><blockquote type=3D"cite"><div> <meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii">= <meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)"> <style><!-- /* Font Definitions */ @xxxxxxxx {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;} @xxxxxxxx {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {mso-style-priority:99; color:#0563C1; text-decoration:underline;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {mso-style-priority:99; color:#954F72; text-decoration:underline;} p.MsoPlainText, li.MsoPlainText, div.MsoPlainText {mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-link:"Plain Text Char"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;} p {mso-style-priority:99; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;} span.EmailStyle17 {mso-style-type:personal-compose; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:windowtext;} span.PlainTextChar {mso-style-name:"Plain Text Char"; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-link:"Plain Text"; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;} @xxxxxxxx WordSection1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" /> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit"> <o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" /> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> <div class=3D"WordSection1"> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">Dear List,<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">Several people have asked for a collation of response= s to my Nov 10 2017 query about deafness and music. The collation is below.&= nbsp; These responses were either sent to the list or to me privately (in th= e latter case, they are reproduced with permission).<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">Regards,<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">Ani Patel<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><a href=3D"http://ase.tufts.edu/psychology/people/pat= el/">http://ase.tufts.edu/psychology/people/patel/</a><o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>Responses to query on deafness and music<o:p></o:p= ></b></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">Original Query, sent Nov 10, 2017:<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">Dear List,<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">This new video on deafness and music may interest som= e of you:<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><a href=3D"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/03/opinion= /cochlear-implant-sound-music.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/03/opini= on/cochlear-implant-sound-music.html</a><o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">If any of you have references to research studies on h= ow deaf individuals perceive / respond to music, can you please send me the c= itation(s)?&nbsp; I am trying to assemble a bibliography for my students.<o:= p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">Ani Patel<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">Responses<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">-----------------------------------------------------= -----<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">=46rom Ken Grant:<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-bottom:12.0pt">Please look up the wor= k done in the early 80s with the indigo girls who toured with a sign interpr= eter. That=E2=80=99s because they had a large deaf following. Surely says a l= ot about deaf love of music.&nbsp;<span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt"><o:p></o:= p></span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">---<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">=46rom Pauline Tranchant &amp; Martha Shiell:<o:p></o= :p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thank you for sharing this video. We recently publish= ed the study presented at ICMPC in 2016:&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ari= al&quot;,sans-serif">Tranchant, P., Shiell, M. M., Giordano, M., Nadeau, A.,= Peretz, I., &amp; Zatorre, R. J. (2017). Feeling the beat: bouncing synchro= nization to vibrotactile music in hearing and early deaf people.&nbsp;<i>Frontiers in neuroscience</i>,&nbsp;<i>11</i>, 507.<o:= p></o:p></span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-ser= if"><br> </span><a href=3D"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2017.00= 507/full" target=3D"_blank">https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fni= ns.2017.00507/full</a><o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">---<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">=46rom Peter Lennox:<o:p></o:p></p> <p><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black"><o= :p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black">Th= is ref might be useful:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black"><a= href=3D"https://ahlab.org/sites/default/files/p_nanayakkara_2013_2.pdf" id=3D= "LPlnk213673">https://ahlab.org/sites/default/files/p_nanayakkara_2013_2.pdf= </a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">Enhancing Musical Experience for the Hearing-Impaired= Using Visual and Haptic Displays<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">Suranga Chandima Nanayakkara, Lonce Wyse,&nbsp;&nbsp;= S. H. Ong, and Elizabeth A. Taylor<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">---<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">=46rom Ritva Torrpa:<o:p></o:p></p> <p><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black"><o= :p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black">Pl= ease see also the article on Signmark, a deaf, Finnish rap-artist. Not scien= tific, but maybe interesting. Like most deaf, he has residual hearing, but h= e identifies to the culture of deaf. The story of&nbsp; those with CIs&nbsp; is completely different.&nbsp;<o:p></o:= p></span></p> <p><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black"><o= :p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black"><a= href=3D"https://finland.fi/arts-culture/signmark-does-what-he-wants/" id=3D= "LPlnk288828">https://finland.fi/arts-culture/signmark-does-what-he-wants/</= a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">---<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">=46rom Tilak Ratnanather:<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoPlainText">One has to remember the heterogenity and diversity= among people with hearing loss. Kolb can only speak for herself.<o:p></o:p>= </p> <p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoPlainText">My old school&nbsp; - Mary Hare School - is the de= signated national grammar school for deaf children in the UK and was the fir= st known school for the deaf to formally introduce music into the curriculum= . As someone who witnessed that in the 1970s, I wrote an article on the evolution of music at Mary Hare -<o:p></o:= p></p> <p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><a href=3D"http://www-usr.rider.edu/~vrme/v14n1/vi= sion/Ratnanather%20Final2.%20.pdf">http://www-usr.rider.edu/~vrme/v14n1/visi= on/Ratnanather%20Final2.%20.pdf</a><o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoPlainText">The school also offers music therapy for all child= ren regardless of hearing loss or not<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><a href=3D"https://www.maryhare.org.uk/music-0">ht= tps://www.maryhare.org.uk/music-0</a><o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><a href=3D"https://www.maryhare.org.uk/music">http= s://www.maryhare.org.uk/music</a><o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><a href=3D"https://www.maryhare.org.uk/music-techn= ology">https://www.maryhare.org.uk/music-technology</a><o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoPlainText">Apologies for the shameless plug for the school th= at made me what I am now.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoPlainText">---<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoPlainText">=46rom Frank Russo:<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoPlainText">We=E2=80=99ve put on a number of concerts for the d= eaf and there are a few publications related to this work but they were not v= ery scientific =E2=80=94 this was done in collaboration with Faculty in Fine= Arts and New Media. We recently published a good study investigating music training in deaf children with CI=E2=80=99s.= I think that there are links to most of this work on my ResearchGate profil= e<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">---<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">=46rom Daniele Schon:<o:p></o:p></p> <p><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black"><o= :p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <p><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black">I w= as last week in Paris for a conference on music and deafness. Mostly neurosc= iences and rehabilitation but some music perception in CI. Nice presentation= of current work by Jeremy Marozeau, showing that the perceived tension in a musical piece (real performance) is the sam= e for CI holders and normal hearing people. However, when scrambling the pit= ches the tension changes for NH people while it does not for CI. Very nice w= ork. Not sure it is out yet. You can ask him, he is a very nice person.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">---<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">=46rom Leon van Noorden:<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">I am married already nearly 14 years with a congenita= l profoundly deaf lady.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">She is deaf from birth to such a degree that she neve= r could hear human speech. Only when a dog would bark hard with a low sound n= ear to her head she would perceive it, but it could have been transduced by t= he sense of vibration.&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">Music means a lot to her. She had many years of piano= lessons, and she can sing many children=E2=80=99s songs, although monotonou= sly. She can speak and lip read very fluently in Spanish, her mother languag= e, and French, as second language. We speak French between us. She reports that her speech improved a lot during a year= after college&nbsp;of studying orthophony . She stopped this study as it be= came clear that she would never be able to hear a patients voice, but it hel= ped her later a lot to study her second language.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">After obtaining a degree in electronics and telecommu= nication, during which she had of course to organise her note taking with th= e aid of other students and the university, she got the opportunity to enter= a doctoral school in France, while doing research on a hearing aid in a laboratory of France Telecom. This ena= bled her to obtain a&nbsp;doctorate in applied acoustics. In her working lif= e she entered in marketing in this Telecom operator and became later respons= ible for equipment and services for handicapped and elderly people, now known under the title Accessibility.<o:= p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">She felt never the need for a cochlear implant. My wi= fe grew up in a special family: of the 12 children 5 are normal hearing the r= est are profoundly deaf from birth. She was the first deaf after 4 normal he= aring ones.&nbsp;I think that there are not many deaf persons that are so well integrated in the hearing world a= s these ones are.&nbsp;Of course it would be difficult to say how their expe= rience would have been if they all would have had a CI at the age of 3 month= as is common now. On the other hand my wife thinks that even with a CI hearing will not be the same a normal he= aring. She knows deaf friends where the CI support substantially lipreading,= but would not&nbsp;enable&nbsp;to understand speech while not looking at th= e other person. I would like to add that also in cases where it is not possible to obtain a CI a deaf person can int= egrate very well in&nbsp;society. And also that such a person helps us,&nbsp= ;=E2=80=9Cnormal=E2=80=9D people, to understand that there are more ways thr= ough which we perceive our environment than we&nbsp;usually think.<span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quo= t;,serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hope you find this interesting. Don=E2=80=99t hesitat= e if you or any of your students want to know more details.&nbsp;<o:p></o:p>= </p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">----<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">Final note from Ani Patel --&nbsp; This reference mig= ht be of interest:<o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#222222"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span= ></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:#222222">Iversen, J. R., Patel, A= . D., Nicodemus, B., &amp; Emmorey, K. (2015). Synchronization to auditory a= nd visual rhythms in hearing and deaf individuals. <i>Cognition</i>, <i>134</i>, 232-244.</span><o:p></o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> </div> </div></blockquote></div></body></html>= --Apple-Mail-60D45939-85B3-4654-B151-9368121406FA--


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