Subject: Re: AUDITORY Digest - 3 Nov 2015 to 4 Nov 2015 (#2015-266) From: Roy Kulick <rmkulick@xxxxxxxx> Date: Thu, 5 Nov 2015 01:52:14 -0500 List-Archive:<http://lists.mcgill.ca/scripts/wa.exe?LIST=AUDITORY>--Apple-Mail=_2FC49980-3A3E-4C8C-B9B7-40D19941504E Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Please remove me from this list. Thank you. > On Nov 5, 2015, at 12:00 AM, AUDITORY automatic digest system = <LISTSERV@xxxxxxxx> wrote: >=20 >=20 > From: AUDITORY automatic digest system <LISTSERV@xxxxxxxx = <mailto:LISTSERV@xxxxxxxx>> > Date: November 5, 2015 at 12:00:05 AM EST > To: AUDITORY@xxxxxxxx <mailto:AUDITORY@xxxxxxxx> > Subject: AUDITORY Digest - 3 Nov 2015 to 4 Nov 2015 (#2015-266) >=20 >=20 > There are 3 messages totalling 951 lines in this issue. >=20 > Topics of the day: >=20 > 1. ICAD 2016 1st CALL FOR PARTICIPATION > 2. Job Opportunity - 6 month Internship at Samsung UK. > 3. Thompson's "On Binaural Audition" >=20 >=20 >=20 > From: WOR <david.worrall@xxxxxxxx = <mailto:david.worrall@xxxxxxxx>> > Date: November 3, 2015 at 7:22:16 PM EST > Subject: ICAD 2016 1st CALL FOR PARTICIPATION >=20 >=20 > (apologies for doubles, please feel free to distribute)=20 >=20 > :::::::::::::::: ICAD 2016 :::::::::::::::::=20 >=20 > The 22nd International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD 2016)=20 > Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, July 2 - July 8 = 2016.=20 >=20 > CALL FOR PAPERS, POSTERS, SONIFICATIONS, COMPOSITIONS, INSTALLATIONS, = WORKSHOPS, PANELS, AND DEMONSTRATIONS.=20 >=20 > Co-chairs: Dr David Worrall, Australian National University and Dr = Stephen Barrass, University of Canberra.=20 >=20 > Please check the conference website for updates: = <http://icad.org/icad2016/>http://icad.org/icad2016/ = <http://icad.org/icad2016/>=20 >=20 > ICAD is a highly interdisciplinary academic conference with relevance = to researchers, practitioners, musicians, and students interested in the = design of sounds to support tasks, improve performance, guide decisions, = augment awareness, and enhance experiences. It is unique in its singular = focus on auditory displays and the array of perception, technology, and = application areas that this encompasses. Like its predecessors, ICAD = 2016 will be a single-track conference, open to all, with no membership = or affiliation requirements.=20 >=20 > ICAD 2016=E2=80=94the 22nd International Conference on Auditory = Display=E2=80=94will be held at the Australian National University in = Canberra, Australia, from July 2 to 8, 2016. The conference venue is the = ANU School of Music, in the downtown centre of Canberra. Workshops and = the graduate student ThinkTank (doctoral consortium) will be on the = weekend of July 2 and 3, before the main conference.=20 >=20 > Note that ICAD is back-to-back with the conference on New Interfaces = for Musical Expression (NIME) which will be held in Brisbane the = following week, so international attendees can attend two international = conferences for the one trip to Australia!=20 >=20 > :::::::::::::::: THEME: SONIC INFORMATION DESIGN :::::::::::::::::=20= >=20 > The designed world is rapidly replacing the natural world. Design has = been called the =E2=80=9Cthird culture=E2=80=9D and has been = distinguished from the Sciences and Arts by Nigel Cross in terms of=20 > * =E2=80=9Cthings to know=E2=80=9D : the natural world in science, = human experience in art, and the artificial world in design.=20 > * =E2=80=9Cways of knowing=E2=80=9D: rationality and objectivity in = science, reflection and subjectivity in art, and imagination and = practicality in design.=20 > * =E2=80=9Cways of finding out=E2=80=9D : experiment and analysis in = science, criticism and evaluation in art, and modelling and synthesis in = design.=20 >=20 > This year=E2=80=99s theme =E2=80=93 Sonic Information Design - has the = aspiration that artificial sounds may be designed to make the world a = better place. Like other design disciplines, Sonic Information Design = takes a synergetic user-centred view of the relationship between = artefacts, those that are affected by them, and the social contexts in = which they occur. A Design orientation pays particular attention to the = phenomenology of user experience =E2=80=94including physical, cognitive, = emotional, and aesthetic issues; the relationship between form, = function, and content; and emerging concepts such as fun, playfulness = and design futures. Practice-based research is considered as a = generative process of exploration, speculation and discovery, with = outcomes that can be provisional, contingent and aspirational, while = aiming for richer, more situated understandings that lead to the = advancement of knowledge and the proliferation of new realities.=20 >=20 > Sonic Information Design draws on theoretical approaches from multiple = disciplines to guide hypothesis testing at multiple points during an = iterative process=E2=80=94what Bill Gaver calls =E2=80=9Chumble = theory=E2=80=9D. Sonic Information Design recognises usefulness as = critical for evaluating artefacts, and the perceptual alignment with = data characteristics as critical for effective designs.=20 >=20 > ICAD 2016 invites contributions that take a design approach, introduce = design theory and apply design methods to Auditory Display and Data = Sonification, with a view to building a conceptually robust foundation = for Sonic Information Design.=20 >=20 > ::::::::::::::::: TOPICS :::::::::::::::::=20 > Topics for ICAD2016 include new and emerging themes, as well as more = traditional ICAD ones.=20 > Themes include but are not limited to:=20 > * Sonic Information Design=20 > * Stream-based Sonification and Auditory Scene Design=20 > * Acoustic Sonification=E2=80=A8> * Small Data (personal, intimate) = sonification and the quantised self.=E2=80=A8> * Sonification, = soundscape and screensound=20 > * Sonification in Health and Environmental Data (soniHED)=E2=80=A8> * = Musification - sonifications and music=20 > * Sonification, personal fabrication and maker culture=20 > * Sonification in the Internet of Things=20 > * Auditory Data Mining=20 > * Big Data sonification=E2=80=A8> * 3D and Spatial Audio=20 > * Aesthetics, Philosophy, and Culture of Auditory Displays=20 > * Accessibility=20 > * Applications=20 > * Design Theory and Methods=20 > * Evaluation and Usability=20 > * Human Factors and Interaction=20 > * Mappings from Data to Sound=20 > * Psychology, Cognition, Perception, and Psychoacoustics=20 > * Sonification and Exploration of Data through Sound=20 > * Sound as Art=20 > * Technologies and Tools=20 >=20 > Presentations will be organised according to four major themes:=20 > * Auditory Data Mining=20 > * Interactive Sonication, including for sports and health.=20 > * Musification and Aesthetics=20 > * Auditory Perception, including spatialisation and = inter/poly-modality.=20 >=20 > .::::::::::::::::: KEY DATES (2016) :::::::::::::::::=20 >=20 > 15 February : Submission Deadline for Full Papers, Posters and = Extended Abstracts=20 > 14 March : Submission Deadline for Workshop proposals=20 > 28 March : Acceptance Notification of Papers, Posters and = Extended Abstracts=20 > 04 April : Submission Deadline for Sonifications / = Installations / Compositions=20 > 11 April : Acceptance Notification of Workshop proposals=20 > 02 May : Submissions Deadline for Camera-Ready materials=20 > 16 May : Acceptance Notification of Sonifications / = Installations / Compositions=20 >=20 > 2-3 July : ICAD2016 Conference ThinkTank and Workshops=20 > 4-8 July : ICAD1016 Conference Proper (Programme details TBA)=20= >=20 > ::::::::::::::::: PUBLICATION :::::::::::::::::=20 > We are aiming to select papers for a special issue of a leading = journal. Details to follow.=20 >=20 > ::::::::::::::::: WORKSHOPS :::::::::::::::::=20 > Proposals for half- and full-day workshops are called for.=20 > Deadline for Submission of Workshop proposals: 14 March 2016=20 >=20 > ::::::::::::::::: INSTALLATIONS :::::::::::::::::=20 > Installations at ICAD 2016 will be afforded their own individual space = and, depending on the number of submissions, will likely be featured for = an entire day. Spaces available include=20 > A public but relatively quiet space=20 > An entrance foyer space=20 > A public but relatively quiet space=20 > A pub and a caf=C3=A9 space (with table-top Bluetooth speakers if = applicable)=20 >=20 > Deadline for submission of Installation proposals: 4 April 2016=20 >=20 > ::::::::::::::::: EXTRA-CURRICULA :::::::::::::::::=20 > We have organised a rich array of natural and cultural activities to = ensure your trip down under is not all work and no play!=20 >=20 > ::::::::::::::::: MORE INFORMATION ::::::::::::=20 > Visit the conference website (currently in development) for updates = and other information:=20 > http://icad.org/icad2016/ <http://icad.org/icad2016/>=20 >=20 > ::::::::::::::::: CORRESPONDENCE ::::::::::::=20 > Please address correspondence to:=20 > icad2016chair@xxxxxxxx <mailto:icad2016chair@xxxxxxxx>=20 >=20 > We look forward to you joining us in making a wonderful conference!=20 >=20 >=20 >=20 > (First Call, November 2, 2015)=20 > = =E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2= =80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80= =94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94= =E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94 FIN = =E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2= =80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80= =94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94= =E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=20 >=20 > =20 >=20 > ______________________________________=20 > Prof. Dr. David Worrall=20 > International Audio Laboratories Erlangen=20 > Fraunhofer-Institut f=C3=BCr Integrierte Schaltungen IIS=20 > Am Wolfsmantel 33=20 > 91058 Erlangen=20 > Email: david.worrall@xxxxxxxx = <mailto:david.worrall@xxxxxxxx>=20 >=20 > - audiolabs-erlangen.de/research/emerging-audio-researc = <http://audiolabs-erlangen.de/research/emerging-audio-researc>=20 > - NetSon: www.iis.fraunhofer.de/de/muv/2015/netson.html = <http://www.iis.fraunhofer.de/de/muv/2015/netson.html>=20 > ---=20 > Adjunct Senior Research Fellow=20 > School of Music, Australian National University=20 > david.worrall@xxxxxxxx <mailto:david.worrall@xxxxxxxx>=20 > =E2=80=94=20 > personal website: avatar.com.au <http://avatar.com.au/> >=20 >=20 > From: Holly Francois <h.francois@xxxxxxxx = <mailto:h.francois@xxxxxxxx>> > Date: November 3, 2015 at 6:01:11 AM EST > Subject: Job Opportunity - 6 month Internship at Samsung UK. >=20 >=20 > There is currently have a vacancy for a 6 month internship based at = Samsung in Staines, the job description is attached. > =20 > The project will involve research into algorithms and objective = measures for speech enhancement for mobile phones in different levels of = background noise. I am looking for someone with experience in = speech/audio processing and good C and or Matlab skills, who has either = completed a PhD, or is currently studying for one. > =20 > The salary is =C2=A325k per year, pro-rata for 6 months =E2=80=93 i.e. = =C2=A312.5k for the 6 month contract. Unfortunately, I won=E2=80=99t be = able to apply for a work permit, due to the short term nature of the = contract, so any candidates must either be eligible to work in the UK, = or be undertaking the internship as an integral part of their course. > =20 > If you are interested in applying for the position please see the = Samsung job web site for more details and how to apply = https://careers.eu.samsung.com/careers/svc/app/viewSearchJob = <https://careers.eu.samsung.com/careers/svc/app/viewSearchJob> (the job = ID is 256083) > =20 > Thank you very much, Holly > =20 > Dr Holly Francois,=20 > Principal Engineer > Samsung Research UK. > =20 >=20 >=20 >=20 > From: "Richard F. Lyon" <dicklyon@xxxxxxxx <mailto:dicklyon@xxxxxxxx>> > Date: November 3, 2015 at 2:10:59 PM EST > Subject: Re: Thompson's "On Binaural Audition" >=20 >=20 > It turns out these papers are free online in Google Book search, which = is where HathiTrust got their copy that a reader kindly sent me. >=20 > 1877: On Binaural Audition: = https://books.google.com/books?id=3DDVUEAAAAYAAJ&pg=3DPA274#v=3Donepage&q&= f=3Dfalse = <https://books.google.com/books?id=3DDVUEAAAAYAAJ&pg=3DPA274#v=3Donepage&q= &f=3Dfalse> > 1878 Part II: = https://books.google.com/books?id=3D_ZpJAQAAMAAJ&pg=3DPA383#v=3Donepage&q&= f=3Dfalse = <https://books.google.com/books?id=3D_ZpJAQAAMAAJ&pg=3DPA383#v=3Donepage&q= &f=3Dfalse> > 1881 Part III: = https://books.google.com/books?id=3D-hlKAQAAMAAJ&pg=3DPA351#v=3Donepage&q&= f=3Dfalse = <https://books.google.com/books?id=3D-hlKAQAAMAAJ&pg=3DPA351#v=3Donepage&q= &f=3Dfalse> >=20 > There are so many references to them that it's hard to find them in = Google Book Search. Also OCR errors don't help (like Sylvantis). > Restricting the search date range sometimes helps, but it's still = sporadic whether they get found or not. Very odd. >=20 > Dick >=20 >=20 >=20 >=20 > On Sun, Nov 1, 2015 at 1:59 PM, Richard F. Lyon <dicklyon@xxxxxxxx = <mailto:dicklyon@xxxxxxxx>> wrote: > Three people sent me copies and I've sent copies to 4 people who = requested them. > These are definitely in the public domain in the US at least (or so = the cover page states), > so if anyone else wants a copy, just ask me. >=20 > I was particularly interested because of what Wilson and Myers said in = 1908 about the "unwelcome hypothosesis" that phase could be compared = centrally: > "... Thompson concluded that under the conditions of binaural hearing = above described, the tone-stimulus is transmitted along each auditory = nerve to some common cerebral centre and that at this centre the beats = arise. But this and the following interesting fact, also observed by = Thompson, can be explained without recourse to such an unwelcome = hypothesis, if we suppose that each tone is transmitted by bone = conduction to the opposite ear and that the beats heard are due to the = play of the two series of vibrations of different frequency on one and = the same sense organ" >=20 > I wondered if Thompson really proposed such an "unwelcome hypothesis", = a central comparison of waveforms from the two sides. What I find it = that he rather carefully danced around the idea, suggesting it but not = saying it, and trying to rule out bone conduction, in 1877: >=20 > "5. It is not easy to explain why interference-beats should thus = occur in the simultaneous individual action of the two ears, while = combinational tones (difference-tones) are inaudible. There is in the = case of the auditory nerves, or portio mollis, no decussation like that = of the optic nerves; the former do not intersect after leaving the = fourth ventricle, in which they have their common origin, and from which = they diverge ri ht and left. _ There is in health a possible = communication between the ears across the pharynx, through the = Eustachian tubes. Moreover the bone of the skull itself is capable of = conveying sonorous tremors, which might account for both ears hearing a = sound entering by one only. In either of these latter cases, however, = there would be no reason why combinational tones should not be equally = audible in binaural as in monaural audition; so that we are driven to = the hypothesis that any means of comparison which may exist in the nerve = systems of the ears exists deep-seated in the actual structure of the = brain. This may be the reason why dissonances are in binaural audition = so excessively dis agreeable, and why even ordinary consonant intervals = become harsh. They evoke a discontinuous sensation when there is no = opportunity of their blending previously to acting upon the sensitive = mechanism of the nerve-structures. The discontinuity of the sensation = produces an intensity of effect exceeding that of a continuous one. = Hence sounds all but in audible themselves may yield, as noted in No. 2, = very well marked beats, enabling the ear thus to detect the most = delicate differences of tone. >=20 > and again in 1878: > "There is no decussation of the auditory nerves, like that of the = optic nerves, to account for a blending of the sensations. The portio = mollis of the right does not intersect or have any commissure with the = portio mollis of the left after leaving the fourth ventricle of the = brain, from which they originate. This point deserves the attention of = anatomists and physiologists." >=20 > He seems to neglect the possibility that the signals could be compared = in the brainstem (where we now know the olivary complex does just that). >=20 >=20 >=20 >=20 > On Sat, Oct 31, 2015 at 9:10 AM, Richard F. Lyon <dicklyon@xxxxxxxx = <mailto:dicklyon@xxxxxxxx>> wrote: > Thanks, got them! >=20 > Dick >=20 >=20 > On Fri, Oct 30, 2015 at 4:03 PM, Richard F. Lyon <dicklyon@xxxxxxxx = <mailto:dicklyon@xxxxxxxx>> wrote: > Does anyone have copies of Sylvanus P. Thompson's articles "On = Binaural Audition" and its follow-on "Phenomena of binaural = audition=E2=80=94Part II" in Philosophical Magazine? >=20 > These would seem to be in the public domain, but the only copies I can = find online are for sale at an exorbitant rate: > 1877: = http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786447708639338?journalCode=3D= tphm16 = <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786447708639338?journalCode=3D= tphm16> > 1878: = http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786447808639528?journalCode=3D= tphm16 = <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786447808639528?journalCode=3D= tphm16> >=20 > Dick >=20 >=20 >=20 >=20 >=20 >=20 --Apple-Mail=_2FC49980-3A3E-4C8C-B9B7-40D19941504E Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 <html><head><meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html = charset=3Dutf-8"></head><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; = -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" = class=3D"">Please remove me from this list. Thank you.<div class=3D""><br = class=3D""><div><blockquote type=3D"cite" class=3D""><div class=3D"">On = Nov 5, 2015, at 12:00 AM, AUDITORY automatic digest system <<a = href=3D"mailto:LISTSERV@xxxxxxxx" = class=3D"">LISTSERV@xxxxxxxx</a>> wrote:</div><br = class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=3D""><div = style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; = font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; = orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: = none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; = -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); = margin: 0px;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-family: = -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; color: = rgb(127, 127, 127);" class=3D""><b class=3D""><br = class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline">From:<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span></b></span><span = style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, = sans-serif;" class=3D"">AUDITORY automatic digest system <<a = href=3D"mailto:LISTSERV@xxxxxxxx" style=3D"color: purple; = text-decoration: underline;" = class=3D"">LISTSERV@xxxxxxxx</a>><br = class=3D""></span></div><div style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: = 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; = letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: = 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; = word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: = rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-family: = -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; color: = rgb(127, 127, 127);" class=3D""><b class=3D"">Date:<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span></b></span><span = style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, = sans-serif;" class=3D"">November 5, 2015 at 12:00:05 AM EST<br = class=3D""></span></div><div style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: = 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; = letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: = 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; = word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: = rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-family: = -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; color: = rgb(127, 127, 127);" class=3D""><b class=3D"">To:<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span></b></span><span = style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, = sans-serif;" class=3D""><a href=3D"mailto:AUDITORY@xxxxxxxx" = style=3D"color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" = class=3D"">AUDITORY@xxxxxxxx</a><br class=3D""></span></div><div = style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; = font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; = orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: = none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; = -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); = margin: 0px;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-family: = -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; color: = rgb(127, 127, 127);" class=3D""><b class=3D"">Subject:<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span></b></span><span = style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, = sans-serif;" class=3D""><b class=3D"">AUDITORY Digest - 3 Nov 2015 to 4 = Nov 2015 (#2015-266)</b><br class=3D""></span></div><br = style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; = font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; = orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: = none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; = -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" = class=3D""><br style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; = font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; = letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: = 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; = word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: = rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; = font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: = normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; = text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: = auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; = background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline = !important;" class=3D"">There are 3 messages totalling 951 lines in this = issue.</span><br style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; = font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; = letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: = 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; = word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: = rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><br style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; = font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: = normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; = text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: = auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; = background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span = style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; = font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; = orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: = none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; = -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); = float: none; display: inline !important;" class=3D"">Topics of the = day:</span><br style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; = font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; = letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: = 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; = word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: = rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><br style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; = font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: = normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; = text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: = auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; = background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span = style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; = font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; = orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: = none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; = -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); = float: none; display: inline !important;" class=3D""> 1. ICAD 2016 = 1st CALL FOR PARTICIPATION</span><br style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; = font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: = normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; = text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: = auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; = background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span = style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; = font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; = orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: = none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; = -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); = float: none; display: inline !important;" class=3D""> 2. Job = Opportunity - 6 month Internship at Samsung UK.</span><br = style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; = font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; = orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: = none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; = -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" = class=3D""><span style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; = font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; = letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: = 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; = word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: = rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;" = class=3D""> 3. Thompson's "On Binaural Audition"</span><br = style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; = font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; = orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: = none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; = -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" = class=3D""><br style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; = font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; = letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: = 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; = word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: = rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><br style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; = font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: = normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; = text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: = auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; = background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><br = style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; = font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; = orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: = none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; = -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" = class=3D""><div style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; = font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; = letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: = 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; = word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: = rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-family: = -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; color: = rgb(127, 127, 127);" class=3D""><b class=3D"">From:<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span></b></span><span = style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, = sans-serif;" class=3D"">WOR <<a = href=3D"mailto:david.worrall@xxxxxxxx" style=3D"color: purple; = text-decoration: underline;" = class=3D"">david.worrall@xxxxxxxx</a>><br = class=3D""></span></div><div style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: = 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; = letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: = 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; = word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: = rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-family: = -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; color: = rgb(127, 127, 127);" class=3D""><b class=3D"">Date:<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span></b></span><span = style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, = sans-serif;" class=3D"">November 3, 2015 at 7:22:16 PM EST<br = class=3D""></span></div><div style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: = 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; = letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: = 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; = word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: = rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-family: = -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; color: = rgb(127, 127, 127);" class=3D""><b class=3D"">Subject:<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span></b></span><span = style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, = sans-serif;" class=3D""><b class=3D"">ICAD 2016 1st CALL FOR = PARTICIPATION</b><br class=3D""></span></div><br style=3D"font-family: = Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; = font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: = start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; = widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; = background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><br = style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; = font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; = orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: = none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; = -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" = class=3D""><div class=3D"moz-text-flowed" lang=3D"x-unicode" = style=3D"font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; = font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: = start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; = widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; = background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: = -moz-fixed;">(apologies for doubles, please feel free to = distribute)<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D""><br class=3D"">:::::::::::::::: ICAD 2016 = :::::::::::::::::<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D""><br class=3D"">The 22nd International Conference on Auditory = Display (ICAD 2016)<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D"">Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, July 2 - = July 8 2016.<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D""><br class=3D"">CALL FOR PAPERS, POSTERS, SONIFICATIONS, = COMPOSITIONS, INSTALLATIONS, WORKSHOPS, PANELS, AND DEMONSTRATIONS.<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D""><br = class=3D"">Co-chairs: Dr David Worrall, Australian = National University and Dr Stephen Barrass, University of Canberra.<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D""><br = class=3D"">Please check the conference website for updates:<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><a = class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"http://icad.org/icad2016/" = style=3D"color: purple; text-decoration: underline;"></a><a = class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"http://icad.org/icad2016/" = style=3D"color: purple; text-decoration: = underline;">http://icad.org/icad2016/</a><span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D""><br = class=3D"">ICAD is a highly interdisciplinary academic conference with = relevance to researchers, practitioners, musicians, and students = interested in the design of sounds to support tasks, improve = performance, guide decisions, augment awareness, and enhance = experiences. It is unique in its singular focus on auditory displays and = the array of perception, technology, and application areas that this = encompasses. Like its predecessors, ICAD 2016 will be a single-track = conference, open to all, with no membership or affiliation = requirements.<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D""><br class=3D"">ICAD 2016=E2=80=94the 22nd International = Conference on Auditory Display=E2=80=94will be held at the Australian = National University in Canberra, Australia, from July 2 to 8, 2016. The = conference venue is the ANU School of Music, in the downtown centre of = Canberra. Workshops and the graduate student ThinkTank (doctoral = consortium) will be on the weekend of July 2 and 3, before the main = conference.<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D""><br class=3D"">Note that ICAD is back-to-back with the = conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME) which will be = held in Brisbane the following week, so international attendees can = attend two international conferences for the one trip to Australia!<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D""><br = class=3D"">:::::::::::::::: THEME: SONIC INFORMATION DESIGN = :::::::::::::::::<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D""><br class=3D"">The designed world is rapidly replacing the = natural world. Design has been called the =E2=80=9Cthird culture=E2=80=9D = and has been distinguished from the Sciences and Arts by Nigel Cross in = terms of<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D"">* =E2=80=9Cthings to know=E2=80=9D : the natural world in = science, human experience in art, and the artificial world in = design.<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">*= =E2=80=9Cways of knowing=E2=80=9D: rationality and objectivity in = science, reflection and subjectivity in art, and imagination and = practicality in design.<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">* =E2=80=9Cway= s of finding out=E2=80=9D : experiment and analysis in science, = criticism and evaluation in art, and modelling and synthesis in = design.<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D""><br class=3D"">This year=E2=80=99s theme =E2=80=93 Sonic = Information Design - has the aspiration that artificial sounds may be = designed to make the world a better place. Like other design = disciplines, Sonic Information Design takes a synergetic user-centred = view of the relationship between artefacts, those that are affected by = them, and the social contexts in which they occur. A Design orientation = pays particular attention to the phenomenology of user experience = =E2=80=94including physical, cognitive, emotional, and aesthetic issues; = the relationship between form, function, and content; and emerging = concepts such as fun, playfulness and design futures. Practice-based = research is considered as a generative process of exploration, = speculation and discovery, with outcomes that can be provisional, = contingent and aspirational, while aiming for richer, more situated = understandings that lead to the advancement of knowledge and the = proliferation of new realities.<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D""><br = class=3D"">Sonic Information Design draws on theoretical approaches from = multiple disciplines to guide hypothesis testing at multiple points = during an iterative process=E2=80=94what Bill Gaver calls =E2=80=9Chumble = theory=E2=80=9D. Sonic Information Design recognises usefulness as = critical for evaluating artefacts, and the perceptual alignment with = data characteristics as critical for effective designs.<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D""><br = class=3D"">ICAD 2016 invites contributions that take a design approach, = introduce design theory and apply design methods to Auditory Display and = Data Sonification, with a view to building a conceptually robust = foundation for Sonic Information Design.<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D""><br = class=3D""> ::::::::::::::::: TOPICS = :::::::::::::::::<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D"">Topics for ICAD2016 include new and emerging themes, as well = as more traditional ICAD ones.<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">Themes = include but are not limited to:<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">* Sonic = Information Design<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D"">* Stream-based Sonification and Auditory Scene Design<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">* Acoustic = Sonification=E2=80=A8* Small Data (personal, intimate) sonification and = the quantised self.=E2=80=A8* Sonification, soundscape and = screensound<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D"">* Sonification in Health and Environmental Data (soniHED)=E2=80= =A8* Musification - sonifications and music<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">* = Sonification, personal fabrication and maker culture<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">* = Sonification in the Internet of Things<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">* Auditory = Data Mining<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D"">* Big Data sonification=E2=80=A8* 3D and Spatial Audio<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">* = Aesthetics, Philosophy, and Culture of Auditory Displays<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">* = Accessibility<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D"">* Applications<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">* Design = Theory and Methods<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D"">* Evaluation and Usability<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">* Human = Factors and Interaction<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">* Mappings = from Data to Sound<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D"">* Psychology, Cognition, Perception, and Psychoacoustics<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">* = Sonification and Exploration of Data through Sound<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">* Sound as = Art<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">* = Technologies and Tools<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D""><br = class=3D"">Presentations will be organised according to four major = themes:<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">*= Auditory Data Mining<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">* = Interactive Sonication, including for sports and health.<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">* = Musification and Aesthetics<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">* Auditory = Perception, including spatialisation and inter/poly-modality.<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D""><br = class=3D""> .::::::::::::::::: KEY DATES (2016) = :::::::::::::::::<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D""><br class=3D"">15 February : Submission = Deadline for Full Papers, Posters and Extended Abstracts<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">14 = March : Submission Deadline = for Workshop proposals<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">28 = March : Acceptance = Notification of Papers, Posters and Extended Abstracts<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">04 = April : Submission = Deadline for Sonifications / Installations / Compositions<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">11 = April : Acceptance = Notification of Workshop proposals<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">02 = May : Submissions Deadline for = Camera-Ready materials<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">16 = May : Acceptance = Notification of Sonifications / Installations / Compositions<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D""><br = class=3D"">2-3 July : ICAD2016 = Conference ThinkTank and Workshops<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">4-8 = July : ICAD1016 Conference = Proper (Programme details TBA)<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D""><br = class=3D"">::::::::::::::::: PUBLICATION = :::::::::::::::::<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D"">We are aiming to select papers for a special issue of a = leading journal. Details to follow.<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D""><br = class=3D"">::::::::::::::::: WORKSHOPS = :::::::::::::::::<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D"">Proposals for half- and full-day workshops are called = for.<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D"">Deadline for Submission of Workshop proposals: 14 March = 2016<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D""><br = class=3D"">::::::::::::::::: INSTALLATIONS = :::::::::::::::::<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D"">Installations at ICAD 2016 will be afforded their own = individual space and, depending on the number of submissions, will = likely be featured for an entire day. Spaces available include<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">A public but = relatively quiet space<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">An entrance = foyer space<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D"">A public but relatively quiet space<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">A pub and a = caf=C3=A9 space (with table-top Bluetooth speakers if applicable)<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D""><br = class=3D"">Deadline for submission of Installation proposals: 4 April = 2016<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D""><br = class=3D"">::::::::::::::::: EXTRA-CURRICULA = :::::::::::::::::<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D"">We have organised a rich array of natural and cultural = activities to ensure your trip down under is not all work and no = play!<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D""><br= class=3D"">::::::::::::::::: MORE INFORMATION ::::::::::::<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">Visit the = conference website (currently in development) for updates and other = information:<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D""><a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" = href=3D"http://icad.org/icad2016/" style=3D"color: purple; = text-decoration: underline;">http://icad.org/icad2016/</a><span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D""><br = class=3D"">::::::::::::::::: CORRESPONDENCE ::::::::::::<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">Please = address correspondence to:<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D""><a = class=3D"moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href=3D"mailto:icad2016chair@xxxxxxxx" = style=3D"color: purple; text-decoration: = underline;">icad2016chair@xxxxxxxx</a><span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D""><br = class=3D"">We look forward to you joining us in making a wonderful = conference!<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D""><br class=3D""><br class=3D""><br class=3D"">(First Call, = November 2, 2015)<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D"">=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94= =E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2= =80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80= =94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94 FIN = =E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2= =80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80= =94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94= =E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94=E2=80=94<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D""><br = class=3D""></div><span style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; = font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; = letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: = 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; = word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: = rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;" = class=3D""> <span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br = style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; = font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; = orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: = none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; = -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" = class=3D""><br style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; = font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; = letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: = 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; = word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: = rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><div class=3D"moz-signature" = style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; = font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; = orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: = none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; = -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, = 255);"><small class=3D"">______________________________________<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">Prof. Dr. = David Worrall<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D"">International Audio Laboratories Erlangen<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D"">Fraunhofer-Institut f=C3=BCr Integrierte Schaltungen IIS<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">Am = Wolfsmantel 33<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br = class=3D"">91058 Erlangen<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">Email:<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><a = class=3D"moz-txt-link-abbreviated" = href=3D"mailto:david.worrall@xxxxxxxx" style=3D"color: purple; = text-decoration: underline;">david.worrall@xxxxxxxx</a><span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D""><internet: = iis.fraunhofer.de=3D"" class=3D""><http:=3D"" class=3D""><br = class=3D"">-<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><a = href=3D"http://audiolabs-erlangen.de/research/emerging-audio-researc" = style=3D"color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" = class=3D"">audiolabs-erlangen.de/research/emerging-audio-researc</a><span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">- = NetSon:<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><a = class=3D"moz-txt-link-abbreviated" = href=3D"http://www.iis.fraunhofer.de/de/muv/2015/netson.html" = style=3D"color: purple; text-decoration: = underline;">www.iis.fraunhofer.de/de/muv/2015/netson.html</a><span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">---<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">Adjunct = Senior Research Fellow<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">School of = Music, Australian National University<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D""><a = class=3D"moz-txt-link-abbreviated" = href=3D"mailto:david.worrall@xxxxxxxx" style=3D"color: purple; = text-decoration: underline;">david.worrall@xxxxxxxx</a><span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">=E2=80=94<span= class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=3D"">personal = website:<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><a = href=3D"http://avatar.com.au/" style=3D"color: purple; text-decoration: = underline;" = class=3D"">avatar.com.au</a></http:=3D""></internet:></small></div><br = style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; = font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; = orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: = none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; = -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" = class=3D""><br style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; = font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; = letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: = 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; = word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: = rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><br style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; = font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: = normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; = text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: = auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; = background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><div = style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; = font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; = orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: = none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; = -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); = margin: 0px;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-family: = -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; color: = rgb(127, 127, 127);" class=3D""><b class=3D"">From:<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span></b></span><span = style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, = sans-serif;" class=3D"">Holly Francois <<a = href=3D"mailto:h.francois@xxxxxxxx" style=3D"color: purple; = text-decoration: underline;" class=3D"">h.francois@xxxxxxxx</a>><br = class=3D""></span></div><div style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: = 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; = letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: = 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; = word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: = rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-family: = -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; color: = rgb(127, 127, 127);" class=3D""><b class=3D"">Date:<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span></b></span><span = style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, = sans-serif;" class=3D"">November 3, 2015 at 6:01:11 AM EST<br = class=3D""></span></div><div style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: = 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; = letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: = 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; = word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: = rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-family: = -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; color: = rgb(127, 127, 127);" class=3D""><b class=3D"">Subject:<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span></b></span><span = style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, = sans-serif;" class=3D""><b class=3D"">Job Opportunity - 6 month = Internship at Samsung UK.</b><br class=3D""></span></div><br = style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; = font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; = orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: = none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; = -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" = class=3D""><br style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; = font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; = letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: = 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; = word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: = rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><div class=3D"WordSection1" style=3D"page:= WordSection1; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: = normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: = normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; = text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: = 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, = 255);"><div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; = font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=3D"">There is currently have a = vacancy for a 6 month internship based at Samsung in Staines, the job = description is attached.<o:p class=3D""></o:p></div><div style=3D"margin: = 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" = class=3D""><o:p class=3D""> </o:p></div><div style=3D"margin: 0cm = 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" = class=3D"">The project will involve research into algorithms and = objective measures for speech enhancement for mobile phones in different = levels of background noise. I am looking for someone with experience in = speech/audio processing and good C and or Matlab skills, who has either = completed a PhD, or is currently studying for one.<o:p = class=3D""></o:p></div><div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; = font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=3D""><b = class=3D""><o:p class=3D""> </o:p></b></div><div style=3D"margin: = 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" = class=3D"">The salary is =C2=A325k per year, pro-rata for 6 months =E2=80=93= i.e. =C2=A312.5k for the 6 month contract. Unfortunately, I won=E2=80=99t= be able to apply for a work permit, due to the short term nature of the = contract, so any candidates must either be eligible to work in the UK, = or be undertaking the internship as an integral part of their = course.<o:p class=3D""></o:p></div><div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm = 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" = class=3D""><o:p class=3D""> </o:p></div><div style=3D"margin: 0cm = 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" = class=3D"">If you are interested in applying for the position please see = the Samsung job web site for more details and how to apply<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><a = href=3D"https://careers.eu.samsung.com/careers/svc/app/viewSearchJob" = style=3D"color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" = class=3D"">https://careers.eu.samsung.com/careers/svc/app/viewSearchJob</a= > (the job ID is 256083)<o:p class=3D""></o:p></div><div = style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: = Calibri, sans-serif;" class=3D""><o:p class=3D""> </o:p></div><div = style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: = Calibri, sans-serif;" class=3D"">Thank you very much, Holly<o:p = class=3D""></o:p></div><div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; = font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=3D""><o:p = class=3D""> </o:p></div><div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; = font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=3D"">Dr Holly = Francois,<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p = class=3D""></o:p></div><div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; = font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=3D"">Principal = Engineer<o:p class=3D""></o:p></div><div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm = 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" = class=3D"">Samsung Research UK.<o:p class=3D""></o:p></div><div = style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: = Calibri, sans-serif;" class=3D""><o:p = class=3D""> </o:p></div></div><br style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; = font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: = normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; = text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: = auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; = background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><br = style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; = font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; = orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: = none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; = -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" = class=3D""><br style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; = font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; = letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: = 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; = word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: = rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><div style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; = font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: = normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; = text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: = auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; = background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px;" class=3D""><span = style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, = sans-serif; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);" class=3D""><b = class=3D"">From:<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span></b></span><span = style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, = sans-serif;" class=3D"">"Richard F. Lyon" <<a = href=3D"mailto:dicklyon@xxxxxxxx" style=3D"color: purple; = text-decoration: underline;" class=3D"">dicklyon@xxxxxxxx</a>><br = class=3D""></span></div><div style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: = 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; = letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: = 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; = word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: = rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-family: = -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; color: = rgb(127, 127, 127);" class=3D""><b class=3D"">Date:<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span></b></span><span = style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, = sans-serif;" class=3D"">November 3, 2015 at 2:10:59 PM EST<br = class=3D""></span></div><div style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: = 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; = letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: = 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; = word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: = rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-family: = -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; color: = rgb(127, 127, 127);" class=3D""><b class=3D"">Subject:<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span></b></span><span = style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, = sans-serif;" class=3D""><b class=3D"">Re: Thompson's "On Binaural = Audition"</b><br class=3D""></span></div><br style=3D"font-family: = Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; = font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: = start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; = widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; = background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><br = style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; = font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; = orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: = none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; = -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" = class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: = 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; = letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: = 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; = word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: = rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><div class=3D""><div class=3D""><div = class=3D""><div class=3D"">It turns out these papers are free online in = Google Book search, which is where HathiTrust got their copy that a = reader kindly sent me.<br class=3D""><br class=3D"">1877: On Binaural = Audition:<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><a = href=3D"https://books.google.com/books?id=3DDVUEAAAAYAAJ&pg=3DPA274#v=3D= onepage&q&f=3Dfalse" style=3D"color: purple; text-decoration: = underline;" = class=3D"">https://books.google.com/books?id=3DDVUEAAAAYAAJ&pg=3DPA274= #v=3Donepage&q&f=3Dfalse</a><br class=3D""></div><div = class=3D"">1878 Part II:<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><a = href=3D"https://books.google.com/books?id=3D_ZpJAQAAMAAJ&pg=3DPA383#v=3D= onepage&q&f=3Dfalse" style=3D"color: purple; text-decoration: = underline;" = class=3D"">https://books.google.com/books?id=3D_ZpJAQAAMAAJ&pg=3DPA383= #v=3Donepage&q&f=3Dfalse</a><br class=3D""></div>1881 Part = III:<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><a = href=3D"https://books.google.com/books?id=3D-hlKAQAAMAAJ&pg=3DPA351#v=3D= onepage&q&f=3Dfalse" style=3D"color: purple; text-decoration: = underline;" = class=3D"">https://books.google.com/books?id=3D-hlKAQAAMAAJ&pg=3DPA351= #v=3Donepage&q&f=3Dfalse</a><br class=3D""><br = class=3D""></div>There are so many references to them that it's hard to = find them in Google Book Search. Also OCR errors don't help (like = Sylvantis).<br class=3D""></div>Restricting the search date range = sometimes helps, but it's still sporadic whether they get found or = not. Very odd.<br class=3D""><br class=3D""></div>Dick<br = class=3D""><br class=3D""><div class=3D""><div class=3D""><br = class=3D""><br class=3D""></div></div></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra" = style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; = font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; = orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: = none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; = -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, = 255);"><br class=3D""><div class=3D"gmail_quote">On Sun, Nov 1, 2015 at = 1:59 PM, Richard F. Lyon<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><span dir=3D"ltr" = class=3D""><<a href=3D"mailto:dicklyon@xxxxxxxx" target=3D"_blank" = style=3D"color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" = class=3D"">dicklyon@xxxxxxxx</a>></span><span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span>wrote:<br = class=3D""><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin: 0px 0px = 0px 0.8ex; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, = 204); border-left-style: solid; padding-left: 1ex;"><div dir=3D"ltr" = class=3D""><span class=3D""><div class=3D""><div class=3D""><div = class=3D""><div class=3D""><div class=3D"">Three people sent me copies = and I've sent copies to 4 people who requested them.<br = class=3D""></div>These are definitely in the public domain in the US at = least (or so the cover page states),<br class=3D""></div><div = class=3D"">so if anyone else wants a copy, just ask me.<br = class=3D""></div><div class=3D""><br class=3D""></div>I was particularly = interested because of what Wilson and Myers said in 1908 about the = "unwelcome hypothosesis" that phase could be compared centrally:<br = class=3D""></div>"... Thompson concluded that under the conditions of = binaural hearing above described, the tone-stimulus is transmitted along = each auditory nerve to some common cerebral centre and that at this = centre the beats arise. But this and the following interesting fact, = also observed by Thompson, can be explained without recourse to such an = unwelcome hypothesis, if we suppose that each tone is transmitted by = bone conduction to the opposite ear and that the beats heard are due to = the play of the two series of vibrations of different frequency on one = and the same sense organ"<br class=3D""><br class=3D""></div>I wondered = if Thompson really proposed such an "unwelcome hypothesis", a central = comparison of waveforms from the two sides. What I find it that he = rather carefully danced around the idea, suggesting it but not saying = it, and trying to rule out bone conduction, in 1877:<br class=3D""><br = class=3D""> "5. It is not easy to explain why = interference-beats should thus occur in the simultaneous individual = action of the two ears, while combinational tones (difference-tones) are = inaudible. There is in the case of the auditory nerves, or portio = mollis, no decussation like that of the optic nerves; the former do not = intersect after leaving the fourth ventricle, in which they have their = common origin, and from which they diverge ri ht and left. _ There is in = health a possible communication between the ears across the pharynx, = through the Eustachian tubes. Moreover the bone of the skull itself is = capable of conveying sonorous tremors, which might account for both ears = hearing a sound entering by one only. In either of these latter cases, = however, there would be no reason why combinational tones should not be = equally audible in binaural as in monaural audition; so that we are = driven to the hypothesis that any means of comparison which may exist in = the nerve systems of the ears exists deep-seated in the actual structure = of the brain. This may be the reason why dissonances are in binaural = audition so excessively dis agreeable, and why even ordinary consonant = intervals become harsh. They evoke a discontinuous sensation when there = is no opportunity of their blending previously to acting upon the = sensitive mechanism of the nerve-structures. The discontinuity of the = sensation produces an intensity of effect exceeding that of a continuous = one. Hence sounds all but in audible themselves may yield, as noted in = No. 2, very well marked beats, enabling the ear thus to detect the most = delicate differences of tone.</div><div class=3D""><br class=3D"">and = again in 1878:<br class=3D""> "There is no decussation = of the auditory nerves, like that of the optic nerves, to account for a = blending of the sensations. The portio mollis of the right does not = intersect or have any commissure with the portio mollis of the left = after leaving the fourth ventricle of the brain, from which they = originate. This point deserves the attention of anatomists and = physiologists."<br class=3D""><br class=3D""></div><div class=3D"">He = seems to neglect the possibility that the signals could be compared in = the brainstem (where we now know the olivary complex does just that).<br = class=3D""><br class=3D""></div><div class=3D""><br class=3D""><div = class=3D""><br class=3D""></div></div></span><div class=3D""><div = class=3D"h5"><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br class=3D""><div = class=3D"gmail_quote">On Sat, Oct 31, 2015 at 9:10 AM, Richard F. = Lyon<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><span dir=3D"ltr" = class=3D""><<a href=3D"mailto:dicklyon@xxxxxxxx" target=3D"_blank" = style=3D"color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" = class=3D"">dicklyon@xxxxxxxx</a>></span><span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span>wrote:<br = class=3D""><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin: 0px 0px = 0px 0.8ex; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; = border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-left: 1ex;"><div = dir=3D"ltr" class=3D""><div class=3D"">Thanks, got them!<br class=3D""><br= class=3D""></div>Dick<br class=3D""><br class=3D""></div><div = class=3D"gmail_extra"><br class=3D""><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><span = class=3D"">On Fri, Oct 30, 2015 at 4:03 PM, Richard F. Lyon<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><span dir=3D"ltr" = class=3D""><<a href=3D"mailto:dicklyon@xxxxxxxx" target=3D"_blank" = style=3D"color: purple; text-decoration: underline;" = class=3D"">dicklyon@xxxxxxxx</a>></span><span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span>wrote:<br = class=3D""></span><div class=3D""><div class=3D""><blockquote = class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; = border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: = rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-left: 1ex;"><div class=3D""><div = class=3D""><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D""><div class=3D"">Does anyone have = copies of Sylvanus P. Thompson's articles "On Binaural Audition" and its = follow-on "Phenomena of binaural audition=E2=80=94Part II" in = Philosophical Magazine?<br class=3D""><br class=3D"">These would seem to = be in the public domain, but the only copies I can find online are for = sale at an exorbitant rate:<br class=3D"">1877:<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><a = href=3D"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786447708639338?journ= alCode=3Dtphm16" target=3D"_blank" style=3D"color: purple; = text-decoration: underline;" = class=3D"">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786447708639338?jo= urnalCode=3Dtphm16</a><br class=3D"">1878:<span = class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><a = href=3D"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786447808639528?journ= alCode=3Dtphm16" target=3D"_blank" style=3D"color: purple; = text-decoration: underline;" = class=3D"">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786447808639528?jo= urnalCode=3Dtphm16</a><br class=3D""><br class=3D""></div>Dick<br = class=3D""><br = class=3D""></div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div><br = class=3D""></div></blockquote></div><br = class=3D""></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div><br = class=3D""></div><br style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; = font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; = letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: = 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; = word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: = rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><br style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; = font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: = normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; = text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: = auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; = background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" = class=3D""></div></blockquote></div><br class=3D""></div></body></html>= --Apple-Mail=_2FC49980-3A3E-4C8C-B9B7-40D19941504E--