AW: [AUDITORY] need roughness calculation results from different systems (=?iso-8859-1?Q?Hannes_L=F6schke?= )


Subject: AW: [AUDITORY] need roughness calculation results from different systems
From:    =?iso-8859-1?Q?Hannes_L=F6schke?=  <hannes_loeschke@xxxxxxxx>
Date:    Wed, 25 Jul 2007 11:02:39 +0000
List-Archive:<http://lists.mcgill.ca/scripts/wa.exe?LIST=AUDITORY>

--0-401932953-1185361359=:90104 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Aures is the basis for Daniel&Weber. Both algorithms are described in detai= l in Acustica/acta acustica. The references are =0AAures, W.: Ein Berechnun= gsverfahren der Rauhigkeit. Acustica 58, pp. 268-281=0ADaniel, P.; Weber, R= .: Psychoacoustical Roughness: Implementation of an Optimized Model. Acusti= ca 83, pp. 113-123=0A =0ABoth models are based on analysis of the modulatio= n index in critical bandwith channels. Phase effects are taken into account= by correlation between the channel signals. Both models are suffering from= miscalculations for weak signals but are to my knowlegde the only algorith= ms outh there that are described in pretty much every detail of implementat= ion. Apart from that, most comercially avaliable systems have roughness cal= culation implemented based on Aures' algorithm. So this calculation should = have provided the best comparability between results of different systems. = =0AThis is where "correct implementation" comes into play. Aures and Daniel= &Weber provided a lot of detail, which pedicts most of the model behaviour.= Obviously there are differences in calculation output for the different mo= del implementations. Also there are known differences in various implementa= tion details, but due to similarity in model structure we believe that ther= e should be a greater similarity between the results. The question that ari= ses from that is: What ist the implementation, that correctly calculates wh= at the authors intended. =0A =0AOur proprietary model was developed to over= come the known problems of Aures and is conceptually pretty similar to Lema= n's SIM (which we didn't know of while developing the model). We're current= ly conducting experiments to support and tune our model.=0A =0AThe CF90 is = a workstation for psychoacoustic measurements from the early 90's manufactu= red by Cortex Instruments. Cortex was bought by 01dB.=0A =0A=0A----- Urspr= =FCngliche Mail ----=0AVon: PORRES <mentalosmosis@xxxxxxxx>=0AAn: Hannes L= =F6schke <hannes_loeschke@xxxxxxxx>=0AGesendet: Dienstag, den 24. Juli 2007= , 19:05:39 Uhr=0ABetreff: Re: AW: AW: AW: [AUDITORY] need roughness calcula= tion results from different systems=0A=0AMy model seems to go for another d= irection... it is based on plomp & Levelt's Results, Like Kameoka & Kurigaw= a, Like Hutchinson & Knopof, Like Sethares', Like Vassilakis', Like Barlow'= s... and some others maybe...=0A=0AWel... I haven't been able to study Aure= s' algorith yet, could you direct me to his documentations somewhere?=0A=0A= I know that like his... there are the work of Daniel & Weber! Which calcula= te roughness as a sum of the energy of the beating frequencies in auditory = channels. But also similarly... Pressnitzer, . Pressnitzer uses a similar m= odel but takes into account the effects of phase modulation in different au= ditory channels. Regarding phase and auitory channels, Leman uses a synchro= nization index model of sensory dissonance and roughness that accounts for = the degree of phase-locking to a particular frequency that is present in th= e neural patterns.=0A=0AThe procedure of suming roughness values fro maudit= ory channels seem to be the same procedure after all for the ones based on = Plomp & Levelt's result, because they define this curve of roughness value = for a single auditory channel...=0A=0AAs I said, I wasn't able to study Aur= es and all the others that are similar, but I would like to check it out an= d compare the methodologies to mine.=0A=0APressnitzer offers his model in p= uredata, check it at http://cognition.ens.fr/Audition/tools/realtime/=0A=0A= So, tell me sonething, what is the "Cortex CF90"? What do you mean by "corr= ect implementation"? What is the model to be correctly implemented? what is= your second step based at?And again... please direct me to the information= of Aures' and the similar approaches that you are working on...=0A=0ACheer= s=0AAlex=0A=0AHannes L=F6schke <hannes_loeschke@xxxxxxxx> wrote: =0AOur fir= st step was to implement the pretty well documented Aures algorithm. Verfic= ation against our Cortex CF90 revealed remakable differences, which lead to= my request here on the list. Basically I'm now trying to figure out what t= he correct implementation is. Our results are pretty similar to the graphs = calculated by the daniel&weber implementation found in PsySound3. Are there= any other known implementations of this algorithm? =0A =0AThe second step = will be the implementation of a second approach that is currently justified= by hearing tests.=0A=0A----- Urspr=FCngliche Mail ----=0AVon: PORRES <ment= alosmosis@xxxxxxxx>=0AAn: Hannes L=F6schke <hannes_loeschke@xxxxxxxx>=0AGe= sendet: Freitag, den 20. Juli 2007, 17:07:12 Uhr=0ABetreff: Re: AW: AW: [AU= DITORY] need roughness calculation results from different systems=0A=0A=0Ao= k, so lets check each other's implementation against each other :)=0A =0AI = will check the file, I am curious on whar kind and method you are adopting.= =0A =0Acheers=0Aalex=0A=0AHannes L=F6schke <hannes_loeschke@xxxxxxxx> wrote= :=0AHi Alex,=0A =0AI'm sorry I missed the last bit of your message. I'm cur= rently checking our model implementation against other implementations and = we're still compiling the data of our listening tests. So there isn't reall= y any data to publish at this point.=0A =0AThe file can be downloaded at ht= tp://www.yousendit.com/download/OGhma3NiTEQ1aVkwTVE9PQ.=0A =0AThanks for yo= ur support=0AHannes=0A=0A=0A----- Urspr=FCngliche Mail ----=0AVon: PORRES <= mentalosmosis@xxxxxxxx>=0AAn: Hannes L=F6schke <hannes_loeschke@xxxxxxxx>;= AUDITORY@xxxxxxxx=0AGesendet: Donnerstag, den 19. Juli 2007, 19:57:= 49 Uhr=0ABetreff: Re: AW: [AUDITORY] need roughness calculation results fro= m different systems=0A=0Ahi hans, I dont know why I havent seen anything ab= out this test file of yours...=0A=0AI wrote to the list telling about my ro= ughness model in puredata, did you read it? Anyway, send me this file of yo= urs, I would like to test it on my system=0A=0Acheers=0A=0Aalex=0A=0AHannes= L=F6schke <hannes_loeschke@xxxxxxxx> wrote: =0AThank you all for giving me= pointers to freely available packages and performing calculation on my tes= t file. I still like to see some more output of commercial packages that ar= e not available to everyone. =0A =0Abtw.: Yesterday I had a message on the = topic being blocked by the spam filter. So everyone that sent me a message = I haven't answered, please send that again.=0A =0AThank you all.=0AHannes= =0A=0A=0A----- Urspr=FCngliche Mail ----=0AVon: Hannes L=F6schke <hannes_lo= eschke@xxxxxxxx>=0AAn: AUDITORY@xxxxxxxx=0AGesendet: Dienstag, den 1= 7. Juli 2007, 11:00:22 Uhr=0ABetreff: [AUDITORY] need roughness calculation= results from different systems=0A=0A=0ADear list,=0A =0Awe're currently re= searching on algorithms for roughness calculation. There are various models= out there with different problems and behaviour. As our ressources are lim= ited we can't gain access to all possible systems, so I'm asking you to hel= p me out. =0AI need the roughness vs. time and specific roughness vs. time = plots from as many different systems as possible. I have prepared a test fi= le and will send it to everyone willing to help me out. The file is 10sek. = long, sampled at 48kHz/16bit/mono.=0A =0AThank you=0A =0AHannes L=F6schke= =0A =0AInstitut f=FCr Musikinstrumentenbau =0AKlingenthaler Stra=DFe 42 =0A= 08267 Zwota=0Ahttp://www.ifm-zwota.de=0A=0A=0A=0AWas ist Gl=FCck? Schlafen = Fische =FCberhaupt? Die Antworten gibt=92s auf Yahoo! Clever.=0A=0A=0A=0A= =0A=0ADie etwas anderen Infos rund um das Thema Reisen. BE A BETTER WELTENB= UMMLER!=0A=0A=0A=0A=0AChoose the right car based on your needs. Check out Y= ahoo! Autos new Car Finder tool.=0A=0A=0A=0A=0A=0AHeute schon einen Blick i= n die Zukunft von E-Mails wagen? Versuchen Sie=B4s mit dem neuen Yahoo! Mai= l. =0A=0A=0A=0A=0AGot a little couch potato? =0ACheck out fun summer activi= ties for kids.=0A=0A=0A=0A=0A=0ABeginnen Sie den Tag mit den neuesten Nachr= ichten. Machen Sie Yahoo! zu Ihrer Startseite!=0A=0A=0A=0A=0AReady for the = edge of your seat? Check out tonight's top picks on Yahoo! TV.=0A=0A=0A=0A= =0A=0AHeute schon einen Blick in die Zukunft von E-Mails wagen? Versuchen S= ie=B4s mit dem neuen Yahoo! Mail.=0A=0A=0A dddd --0-401932953-1185361359=:90104 Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable <html><head><style type=3D"text/css"><!-- DIV {margin:0px;} --></style></he= ad><body><div style=3D"font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:1= 0pt"><DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-ser= if">=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: times new roman, new yor= k, times, serif">=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helv= etica, sans-serif">=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, he= lvetica, sans-serif">Aures is the basis for Daniel&amp;Weber. Both algorith= ms are described in detail in Acustica/acta acustica. The references are </= DIV>=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-s= erif">Aures, W.: Ein Berechnungsverfahren der Rauhigkeit. Acustica 58, pp. = 268-281</DIV>=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetic= a, sans-serif">Daniel, P.; Weber, R.: Psychoacoustical Roughness: Implement= ation of an Optimized Model. Acustica 83, pp. 113-123</DIV>=0A<DIV style=3D= "FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif">&nbsp;</DIV>= =0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif= ">Both models are based on analysis of the modulation index in critical ban= dwith channels. Phase effects are taken into account by correlation&nbsp;be= tween the channel signals. Both models are suffering from&nbsp;miscalculati= ons for weak signals but are to my knowlegde the only algorithms outh there= &nbsp;that are described in pretty much every detail of implementation. Apa= rt from that, most comercially avaliable systems have roughness calculation= implemented based on Aures' algorithm. So this calculation should have pro= vided the best comparability between results of different systems. </DIV>= =0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif= ">This is where "correct implementation" comes into play. Aures and Daniel&= amp;Weber provided a lot of detail, which pedicts most of the model behavio= ur. Obviously there are differences in calculation output for the different= model implementations.&nbsp;Also there are known differences in&nbsp;vario= us implementation details,&nbsp;but due to similarity in model structure we= believe that there should be a greater similarity between the results. The= question that arises from that is: What ist the implementation, that corre= ctly calculates what the authors intended. </DIV>=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE= : 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif">&nbsp;</DIV>=0A<DIV styl= e=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Our propri= etary model was developed to overcome the known problems of Aures and is co= nceptually pretty similar to Leman's SIM (which we didn't know of while dev= eloping the model). We're currently conducting experiments to support and t= une our model.</DIV>=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, h= elvetica, sans-serif">&nbsp;</DIV>=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FA= MILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif">The CF90 is a workstation for psychoaco= ustic measurements from the early 90's manufactured by Cortex Instruments. = Cortex was bought by 01dB.</DIV>=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMI= LY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif">&nbsp;<BR></DIV>=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZ= E: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: times new roman, new york, times, serif">----- Urspr= =FCngliche Mail ----<BR>Von: PORRES &lt;mentalosmosis@xxxxxxxx&gt;<BR>An: = Hannes L=F6schke &lt;hannes_loeschke@xxxxxxxx&gt;<BR>Gesendet: Dienstag, de= n 24. Juli 2007, 19:05:39 Uhr<BR>Betreff: Re: AW: AW: AW: [AUDITORY] need r= oughness calculation results from different systems<BR><BR>My model seems t= o go for another direction... it is based on plomp &amp; Levelt's Results, = Like Kameoka &amp; Kurigawa, Like Hutchinson &amp; Knopof, Like Sethares', = Like Vassilakis', Like Barlow's... and some others maybe...<BR><BR>Wel... I= haven't been able to study Aures' algorith yet, could you direct me to his= documentations somewhere?<BR><BR>I know that like his... there are the wor= k of Daniel &amp; Weber! Which calculate <SPAN class=3Dm>roughness as a sum= of the energy of the beating frequencies in auditory channels. </SPAN>But = also similarly... Pressnitzer, <SPAN class=3Dm>. </SPAN><SPAN class=3Dm>Pressnitzer uses a similar model but takes into acc= ount the effects of phase modulation in different auditory channels. Regard= ing phase and auitory channels, Leman uses a</SPAN><SPAN class=3Dm> synchro= nization index model of sensory dissonance and roughness that accounts for = the degree of phase-locking to a particular frequency that is present in th= e neural patterns.<BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN class=3Dm></SPAN><SPAN class=3Dm>The= procedure of suming roughness values fro mauditory channels seem to be the= same procedure after all for the ones based on Plomp &amp; Levelt's result= , because they define this curve of roughness value for a single auditory c= hannel...<BR><BR>As I said, I wasn't able to study Aures and all the others= that are similar, but I would like to check it out and compare the methodo= logies to mine.<BR><BR>Pressnitzer offers his model in puredata, check it a= t http://cognition.ens.fr/Audition/tools/realtime/<BR></SPAN><BR>So, tell m= e sonething, what is the "Cortex CF90"? What do you mean by "correct impleme= ntation"? What is the model to be correctly implemented? what is your secon= d step based at?And again... please direct me to the information of Aures' = and the similar approaches that you are working on...<BR><BR>Cheers<BR>Alex= <BR><BR><B><I>Hannes L=F6schke &lt;hannes_loeschke@xxxxxxxx&gt;</I></B> wro= te: =0A<BLOCKQUOTE class=3Dreplbq style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: = 5px; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(16,16,255) 2px solid">=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10p= t; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif">=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 1= 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Our first step was to imple= ment the pretty well documented Aures algorithm. Verfication against our Co= rtex CF90 revealed remakable differences, which lead to my request here on = the list. Basically I'm now trying to figure out what the correct implement= ation is. Our results are pretty similar to the graphs calculated by the da= niel&amp;weber implementation found&nbsp;in PsySound3. Are there any other = known implementations of this algorithm? </DIV>=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: = 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif">&nbsp;</DIV>=0A<DIV style= =3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif">The second = step will be the implementation of a second&nbsp;approach that is currently= justified by hearing tests.<BR></DIV>=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FON= T-FAMILY: times new roman, new york, times, serif">----- Urspr=FCngliche Ma= il ----<BR>Von: PORRES &lt;mentalosmosis@xxxxxxxx&gt;<BR>An: Hannes L=F6sc= hke &lt;hannes_loeschke@xxxxxxxx&gt;<BR>Gesendet: Freitag, den 20. Juli 200= 7, 17:07:12 Uhr<BR>Betreff: Re: AW: AW: [AUDITORY] need roughness calculati= on results from different systems<BR><BR>=0A<DIV>ok, so lets check each oth= er's implementation against each other :)</DIV>=0A<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>=0A<DIV>= I will check the file, I am curious on whar kind and method you are adoptin= g.</DIV>=0A<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>=0A<DIV>cheers</DIV>=0A<DIV>alex<BR><BR><B><I>H= annes L=F6schke &lt;hannes_loeschke@xxxxxxxx&gt;</I></B> wrote:</DIV>=0A<BL= OCKQUOTE class=3Dreplbq style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDE= R-LEFT: rgb(16,16,255) 2px solid">=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FA= MILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif">=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-= FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Hi Alex,</DIV>=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-S= IZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif">&nbsp;</DIV>=0A<DIV s= tyle=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif">I'm sor= ry I missed the last bit of your message. I'm currently checking our model = implementation against other implementations&nbsp;and we're still&nbsp;comp= iling the&nbsp;data&nbsp;of our listening tests. So there isn't really any = data to publish at this point.</DIV>=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-= FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif">&nbsp;</DIV>=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZ= E: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif">The file can be downloa= ded at <A href=3D"http://www.yousendit.com/download/OGhma3NiTEQ1aVkwTVE9PQ"= target=3D_blank rel=3Dnofollow>http://www.yousendit.com/download/OGhma3NiT= EQ1aVkwTVE9PQ</A>.</DIV>=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: aria= l, helvetica, sans-serif">&nbsp;</DIV>=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FON= T-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Thanks for your support</DIV>=0A<DI= V style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Hann= es<BR><BR></DIV>=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: times new ro= man, new york, times, serif">----- Urspr=FCngliche Mail ----<BR>Von: PORRES= &lt;mentalosmosis@xxxxxxxx&gt;<BR>An: Hannes L=F6schke &lt;hannes_loeschk= e@xxxxxxxx&gt;; AUDITORY@xxxxxxxx<BR>Gesendet: Donnerstag, den 19. J= uli 2007, 19:57:49 Uhr<BR>Betreff: Re: AW: [AUDITORY] need roughness calcul= ation results from different systems<BR><BR>hi hans, I dont know why I have= nt seen anything about this test file of yours...<BR><BR>I wrote to the lis= t telling about my roughness model in puredata, did you read it? Anyway, se= nd me this file of yours, I would like to test it on my system<BR><BR>cheer= s<BR><BR>alex<BR><BR><B><I>Hannes L=F6schke &lt;hannes_loeschke@xxxxxxxx&gt= ;</I></B> wrote: =0A<BLOCKQUOTE class=3Dreplbq style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; = MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(16,16,255) 2px solid">=0A<DIV style=3D"F= ONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif">=0A<DIV style=3D= "FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Thank you all = for giving me pointers to freely available packages and performing calculat= ion on my test file. I still like to see some more output of commercial pac= kages that are not available to everyone. </DIV>=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE:= 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif">&nbsp;</DIV>=0A<DIV style= =3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif">btw.: Yeste= rday I had a message on the topic being blocked by the spam filter. So ever= yone that sent me a message I haven't answered, please send that again.</DI= V>=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-ser= if">&nbsp;</DIV>=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: arial, helve= tica, sans-serif">Thank you all.</DIV>=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FON= T-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Hannes<BR><BR></DIV>=0A<DIV style= =3D"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: times new roman, new york, times, serif">= ----- Urspr=FCngliche Mail ----<BR>Von: Hannes L=F6schke &lt;hannes_loeschk= e@xxxxxxxx&gt;<BR>An: AUDITORY@xxxxxxxx<BR>Gesendet: Dienstag, den 1= 7. Juli 2007, 11:00:22 Uhr<BR>Betreff: [AUDITORY] need roughness calculatio= n results from different systems<BR><BR>=0A<DIV style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; F= ONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica, sans-serif">=0A<DIV>Dear list,</DIV>=0A<DIV>&= nbsp;</DIV>=0A<DIV>we're currently researching on algorithms for roughness = calculation. There are various models out there with different problems and= behaviour. As our ressources are limited we can't gain access to all possi= ble&nbsp;systems, so I'm asking you to help me out. </DIV>=0A<DIV>I need th= e roughness vs. time and specific roughness vs. time plots from as many dif= ferent systems as possible. I have prepared a test file and will send it to= everyone willing to help me out. The file is 10sek. long, sampled at 48kHz= /16bit/mono.</DIV>=0A<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>=0A<DIV>Thank you</DIV>=0A<DIV>&nbsp;= </DIV>=0A<DIV>Hannes L=F6schke</DIV>=0A<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>=0A<DIV>Institut f= =FCr Musikinstrumentenbau </DIV>=0A<DIV>Klingenthaler Stra=DFe 42 =0A<DIV><= FONT face=3DARIAL size=3D2>08267 Zwota</FONT></DIV>=0A<DIV><A href=3D"http:= //www.ifm-zwota.de/" target=3D_blank rel=3Dnofollow>http://www.ifm-zwota.de= </A></DIV></DIV></DIV><BR>=0A<HR SIZE=3D1>=0AWas ist Gl=FCck? Schlafen Fisc= he =FCberhaupt? Die Antworten gibt=92s auf <A href=3D"http://de.rd.yahoo.co= m/xx/searchpromo/i/tagline/cleverfp/*http://de.answers.yahoo.com" target=3D= _blank rel=3Dnofollow>Yahoo! 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Versuchen Sie=B4s mit dem <A href=3D"http://de.rd.yahoo.com/evt=3D40593= /*http://de.docs.yahoo.com/ymail/landing.html" target=3D_blank rel=3Dnofoll= ow>neuen Yahoo! Mail</A>. </DIV></BLOCKQUOTE><BR>=0A<DIV></DIV>=0A<HR SIZE= =3D1>=0AGot a little couch potato? <BR>Check out fun <A href=3D"http://us.r= d.yahoo.com/evt=3D48248/*http://search.yahoo.com/search?fr=3Doni_on_mail&am= p;p=3Dsummer+activities+for+kids&amp;cs=3Dbz" target=3D_blank rel=3Dnofollo= w>summer activities for kids.</A></DIV><BR>=0A<DIV></DIV></DIV><BR>=0A<HR S= IZE=3D1>=0ABeginnen Sie den Tag mit den neuesten Nachrichten. <A href=3D"ht= tp://de.rd.yahoo.com/evt=3D41213/*http://de.yahoo.com/set" target=3D_blank = rel=3Dnofollow>Machen Sie Yahoo! zu Ihrer Startseite!</A></BLOCKQUOTE><BR>= =0A<P>=0A<HR SIZE=3D1>=0AReady for the edge of your seat? <A href=3D"http:/= /us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=3D48220/*http://tv.yahoo.com/" target=3D_blank rel=3Dn= ofollow>Check out tonight's top picks</A> on Yahoo! 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DAn Ellis <dpwe@ee.columbia.edu>
Electrical Engineering Dept., Columbia University