Res: Re: synthesis/analysis: where is the error? (Daniel Silva )


Subject: Res: Re: synthesis/analysis: where is the error?
From:    Daniel Silva  <silvadmr(at)BOL.COM.BR>
Date:    Wed, 27 Jul 2005 04:41:09 -0300

--------------Boundary-00=_L00AQL80000000000000 Content-Type: Multipart/Alternative; boundary="------------Boundary-00=_M00ALVC0000000000000" --------------Boundary-00=_M00ALVC0000000000000 Content-Type: Text/Plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable =0D Thank you all very much! The responses are really helpful.=0D =0D About the sounds I intend to use:=0D =0D pitch: 115 Hz=0D =0D F1 Continuum: from 300 Hz to 700 Hz in steps of 10 Hz.=0D =0D Formant values: (300-700); 1160; 2500; 3500; 4500...(up to F10)=0D Formant Bandwidths: 50,100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 (is it OK?).=0D =0D Duration: 300 ms; rise/fall time:25 ms.=0D =0D The program I am employing both for analysis and synthesis is Praat (for = I dont have a Klatt synthesizer). The algorithm for the formant analysis is the Burg algorithm. The window is gaussian-like with sidelobes below -120= dB (whatever it means!) and lenght of 0.025 seconds.=0D The sampling frequency is 10050. =0D Some examples:=0D (F1 value specified in the synthesis/obtained F1 value in the analysis)=0D 300/319.8=0D 380/377.7=0D 430/453.4=0D 500/499.1=0D 550/570.4=0D 600/592.9=0D 620/620.2=0D 630/637.7=0D 660/680.5=0D =0D I have maked two vowel continua: the first one is a F1 continuum from 300= Hz to 700Hz (step size =3D 10 Hz) simply as synthesised by Praat. The second= one is the first one adjusted according to the analysis results (assuming tha= t the discrepancy between synthesis and analysis results from some kind of interaction among the formants and between the formants and F0 and other parameters).=0D =0D If the analysis is the main source of the discrepancy I can then use the first continuum assuming that the synthesis gives me the "right " F1 valu= es, right?=0D =0D =0D =0D -------Mensagem original-------=0D =0D De: Fred Herzfeld=0D Data: 07/25/05 08:40:23=0D Para: AUDITORY(at)LISTS.MCGILL.CA=0D Assunto: Re: synthesis/analysis: where is the error?=0D =0D Hello Daniel,=0D =0D I would guess that the problem is in the analysis. The problem is that=0D if you use a fourier type analysis method the results can be way off=0D depending on the size of the data that you are using and if you are=0D using a non-rectangular window. I suggest that you modify the analysis=0D routine so that the size of the fourier window is an integer function of=0D the F1 in each case.=0D =0D Let me know of one particular case.=0D 1. What method are you using for the analysis.=0D 2. What window are you using? Hamming, rectangular, cosine ??=0D 3. What is F1, F2 etc. ?=0D 4. For each freq in (3) give amplitude and phase=0D 5. What is the length of your fourier window in samples ?=0D 6. What is the time difference between samples ?=0D 7. What is the result of your analysis ?=0D =0D Fred=0D -------------------------------------------------=0D =0D =0D =0D Daniel Silva wrote:=0D > Dear list,=0D >=0D >=0D >=0D > When I synthesize a vowel contiuum (varying F1 in steps of, say, 10 Hz= ) and=0D > then analyse each sound I always see that there are differences between the=0D > F1 value specified in the synthesis and the F1 value obtained in the=0D > analysis. Furthermore, ther is no linear relation between the two throughout=0D > the continuum.=0D >=0D > Where is the error? synthesis? analysis? bouth? Which is more reliable?= =0D >=0D > If I want to make a continumm with a fixed step size...=0D >=0D > Should I rely either on the values I specify on the synthesis or on the= =0D > observed values of the analysis?=0D >=0D >=0D >=0D > Thanks!=0D >=0D >=0D >=0D =0D =0D --=0D Fred Herzfeld, MIT '54=0D 78 Glynn Marsh Drive #59=0D Brunswick, Ga.31525=0D USA --------------Boundary-00=_M00ALVC0000000000000 Content-Type: Text/HTML; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable <HTML><HEAD> <META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-= 1"> <META content=3D"IncrediMail 1.0" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD> <BODY style=3D"BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px 0px; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; MARGIN: 5px= 10px 10px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial" bgColor=3D#ffffff background=3D"" scroll=3D= yes ORGYPOS=3D"0"> <TABLE id=3DINCREDIMAINTABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D2 width=3D"100= %" border=3D0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD id=3DINCREDITEXTREGION style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; CURSOR: auto; FONT-F= AMILY: Arial" width=3D"100%"> <DIV>&nbsp; <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Thank you all&nbsp;ve= ry much! The responses are really helpful.<?xml:namespace prefix =3D o ns= =3D "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SP= AN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">About the&nbsp;sounds= I intend to use:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SP= AN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">pitch: 115 Hz<o:p></o= :p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SP= AN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">F1 Continuum: from 30= 0 Hz to 700 Hz in steps of 10 Hz.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SP= AN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Formant values:&nbsp;= (300-700);&nbsp;&nbsp;1160; 2500; 3500; 4500...(up to F10)<o:p></o:p></SP= AN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Formant Bandwidths: 5= 0,100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 (is it OK?).<o:p></o:p></SP= AN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SP= AN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Duration: 300 ms; ris= e/fall time:25 ms.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SP= AN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">The program I am&nbsp= ;employing both&nbsp;for analysis and synthesis is Praat&nbsp;(for I dont= have a Klatt synthesizer). The algorithm for the formant&nbsp;analysis i= s the Burg algorithm. The window&nbsp;is gaussian-like&nbsp;with&nbsp;sid= elobes below -120 dB (whatever it means!) and lenght of 0.025 seconds.<o:= p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">The sampling frequenc= y is 10050. </SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"></SPAN><SPAN lang=3DE= N-US style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Some examples= :<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">(F1 value specified i= n the synthesis/obtained F1 value in the analysis)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">300/319.8<o:p></o:p><= /SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">380/377.7<o:p></o:p><= /SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">430/453.4<o:p></o:p><= /SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">500/499.1<o:p></o:p><= /SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">550/570.4<o:p></o:p><= /SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">600/592.9<o:p></o:p><= /SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">620/620.2<o:p></o:p><= /SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">630/637.7<o:p></o:p><= /SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">660/680.5<o:p></o:p><= /SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SP= AN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">I&nbsp;have maked two= vowel continua: the first one&nbsp;is a F1 continuum from 300 Hz to 700H= z (step size =3D 10 Hz) simply as synthesised by Praat. The second one is= the first one adjusted according to the analysis results (assuming that = the discrepancy between &nbsp;synthesis and analysis results from some ki= nd of interaction among the formants and between the formants and F0&nbsp= ;and other parameters).</SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"></SPAN><SPAN lang=3DE= N-US style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></= o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">If&nbsp;the analysis = is the main source of the&nbsp;discrepancy&nbsp;I can&nbsp;then use the f= irst&nbsp;continuum assuming that the synthesis gives me the "right " F1 = values, right?<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">&nbsp= ;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US sty= le=3D"mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">&nbsp= ;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV> <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV> <DIV id=3DIncrediOriginalMessage><I>-------Mensagem original-------</I></= DIV> <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV> <DIV id=3Dreceivestrings> <DIV dir=3Dltr style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><I><B>De:</B></I> <A href=3D"mai= lto:herzfeld(at)ALUM.MIT.EDU">Fred Herzfeld</A></DIV> <DIV dir=3Dltr style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><I><B>Data:</B></I> 07/25/05 08:= 40:23</DIV> <DIV dir=3Dltr style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><I><B>Para:</B></I> <A href=3D"m= ailto:AUDITORY(at)LISTS.MCGILL.CA">AUDITORY(at)LISTS.MCGILL.CA</A></DIV> <DIV dir=3Dltr style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><I><B>Assunto:</B></I> Re: synth= esis/analysis: where is the error?</DIV></DIV> <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV> <DIV>Hello Daniel,</DIV> <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV> <DIV>I would guess that the problem is in the analysis. The problem is th= at</DIV> <DIV>if you use a fourier type analysis method the results can be way off= </DIV> <DIV>depending on the size of the data that you are using and if you are<= /DIV> <DIV>using a non-rectangular window. I suggest that you modify the analys= is</DIV> <DIV>routine so that the size of the fourier window is an integer functio= n of</DIV> <DIV>the F1 in each case.</DIV> <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV> <DIV>Let me know of one particular case.</DIV> <DIV>1. What method are you using for the analysis.</DIV> <DIV>2. What window are you using? Hamming, rectangular, cosine ??</DIV> <DIV>3. What is F1, F2 etc. ?</DIV> <DIV>4. For each freq in (3) give amplitude and phase</DIV> <DIV>5. What is the length of your fourier window in samples ?</DIV> <DIV>6. What is the time difference between samples ?</DIV> <DIV>7. What is the result of your analysis ?</DIV> <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV> <DIV>Fred</DIV> <DIV>-------------------------------------------------</DIV> <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV> <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV> <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV> <DIV>Daniel Silva wrote:</DIV> <DIV>&gt; Dear list,</DIV> <DIV>&gt;</DIV> <DIV>&gt;</DIV> <DIV>&gt;</DIV> <DIV>&gt; When I synthesize&nbsp;&nbsp;a vowel contiuum (varying F1 in st= eps of, say, 10 Hz) and</DIV> <DIV>&gt; then analyse each sound I always see that there are differences= between the</DIV> <DIV>&gt; F1 value specified in the synthesis&nbsp;&nbsp;and the F1 value= obtained in the</DIV> <DIV>&gt; analysis. Furthermore, ther is no linear relation between the t= wo throughout</DIV> <DIV>&gt; the continuum.</DIV> <DIV>&gt;</DIV> <DIV>&gt; Where is the error? synthesis? analysis? bouth? Which is more r= eliable?</DIV> <DIV>&gt;</DIV> <DIV>&gt; If I want to make a continumm with a fixed step size...</DIV> <DIV>&gt;</DIV> <DIV>&gt; Should I rely either on the values I specify on the synthesis o= r on the</DIV> <DIV>&gt; observed values of the analysis?</DIV> <DIV>&gt;</DIV> <DIV>&gt;</DIV> <DIV>&gt;</DIV> <DIV>&gt; Thanks!</DIV> <DIV>&gt;</DIV> <DIV>&gt;</DIV> <DIV>&gt;</DIV> <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV> <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV> <DIV>--</DIV> <DIV>Fred Herzfeld, MIT '54</DIV> <DIV>78 Glynn Marsh Drive #59</DIV> <DIV>Brunswick, Ga.31525</DIV> <DIV>USA</DIV></TD></TR> <TR> <TD id=3DINCREDIFOOTER width=3D"100%"> <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"100%"> <TBODY> <TR> <TD width=3D"100%"></TD> <TD id=3DINCREDISOUND vAlign=3Dbottom align=3Dmiddle></TD> <TD id=3DINCREDIANIM vAlign=3Dbottom align=3Dmiddle></TD></TR></TBODY></T= ABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><SPAN id=3DIncrediStamp><SPAN ltr??><A hre= f=3D"http://www.incredimail.com/index.asp?id=3D422&amp;lang=3D22"><IMG al= t=3D"" hspace=3D0 src=3D"cid:FBAD5ED8-ACD3-4FD2-9500-0C2BB391FCDA" align=3D= baseline border=3D0></A></SPAN></SPAN></BODY></HTML> --------------Boundary-00=_M00ALVC0000000000000-- --------------Boundary-00=_L00AQL80000000000000 Content-Type: image/gif; name="IMSTP.gif" Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-ID: <FBAD5ED8-ACD3-4FD2-9500-0C2BB391FCDA> R0lGODlhDAJMAMQAAHYdAP/yACLVxP/7nAcA//AHy/7SAPy1AJ5IDPWYAP/93aA0Ad9xAfwMDP/5 eP///7Crm9rQvfejmv3Bav+D7ebh1K1zJv+uNP/6Mc2XAAqDg/tvaNewAL2NPgAAAAAAACH/C05F VFNDQVBFMi4wAwEAAAAh+QQJHgAfACwAAAAADAJMAAAF/+AnjmRpnmiqrmzrvnAsz3Rt33iu73zv /8CgcEgsGo/IpHLJbL480Kh0Sq1ar9isdsvter/gsHhMLpvP6LR6zW6XnfC4fE6v2+/4vH7P7/v/ gIGCg4SFhoeIiYqLjI2Oj5CRkpOUlZaXmJmam5ydnp+goaKjpKWmp6ipqqusMVCtsCWvH7M5BAQi t3e6sX5UNrW1Q1MjvyRRxVW0HsfMy69WycjN06yzwrLOJ7e8H7zddN+4vXnYNeZEws7B2s8m6u3s 2fMi8sXk6PXtJN3j4Hv/yNExB21dvGnE2CnURkzavmUo7EHEBq9ZMnr66OVzeFDetWrZFl6EqA+d lBQFM/86HCmSZImA3vyNi8ktl8wR3Ga+rIkzp82fMYEKtEOwILOPKu0FI4mU6cOR7xhKdamyqkuK BzVudBq1JNauFrmKPdE06tGUWpPuQwdTHFC3QePC7Pn2ply7Q+sYa8rXIMu1fsVuzGcs41eoVwGH hdowrdfAHMH+VWvV8UnBUhEGPrxzm124oPHy83m3rum8eh/2pZy48urETz8i/cqZqkSrtUuCfV2R qjSOmzOTbWw5OGt3lYWOPh3aJunlpaM3Rz1QtXHMk8O+Roz7+rPL3RfXzp2cN+Sxu627Vr/CPGvy nU1Mn69T/uf7p6kTZe++9VXsvpk0lX+39VZVbhJlVdz/ceg5RguDvv033HvXHZZPP8zhF5039mXo YVz6xbGXd+C509J32ZUYkmYWFQgYeCUWBdJ3scV4GVYzorhSZDqa9RSFPPZ120794JXTTEf2NFeS zhXJE1whRjnJVlK6MJcOV1appSVUCnTkl2CGKeaYZJYZ5pZopqnmmmy26eabcMYp55x01mnnnXjm qeeefPbp55+ABirooIQWauihiCaq6KKMNuroo5BGKmkdAhyQAAwCVPCBABrY0EADKhQg6qgUlFqq qKZSoAICJBhgAACwArDArAwwwcCsC8Qa6wiw5nXrrLr2+gMAtYrwa67BGgvApDYkcMAJmYrg7AgC CLCp/7UjBBDAB9NC26kIn56gwbiqFvABqg1QkG4BpbaAwLuuupqAAlAA4EEEDtyKxAIMDKDAvwD/ e+uyHzAgLAoILMDqCwQX/C4CwTZsAwMPv6urDwZ/wK+/AQM8cA8Nb9yxAhZ08LAIEjMLg6vQYhvA pSSIWoK21T7bsgrjasBpARWYu/Oo7MIAwAEIxGspAAYMEEAEESgwgL5DiOz0AAM4YDUGGLzMQAIw Z3wCAtoGkHIKvSLQL8AACEwsxDWYzfHIFI9dA6wGG/Av1VVfnbXYssotA8HvdmDB1FWX/MDhh7/7 gd8qq8AyCdWKILMJky9OcOSWQ36AAeKOWy2n554r6v/jH2jbAgOWJmAA0a4ecADSF1wwwAURSOD0 AkIsMACsUzuwd9jOJqA0zIubkLCzBojNwtpnO+1A3r5jAMDLbMPg9t3PWx29tglUbwOxrtaNNwbJ h20w164zHgMCiD9gQQAOBGBB+/Qv3PgMk2Ne+Ql0m2t5rAaLVc4GmLPPKSBnohMdqlK1wHYZb3UJ qBcUUue6A1xgArK7G+5+oDti4S1+YeOe6+Y1vBSAbXUGcID6UIYAjlENhCEMoQESsEISQCxtL4xh DGdYQxUgTVvhG1r5DqAtBpyvgq/LAfvo9z750a99FpBVwiJ2sPuVYH8kCJsJiMUrAGQAbgDYHQB0 9rn/MiqgUp47VwL8N6oGiMqNpiJb62QVgNZZCokHiADVALZBHizgX2GkmtaIqC0ijtBpdSReCXIF QRWyoIURgBUMLWCBXOlQWz1soQIkeclO9jAFCgOi0oi1OSIOzFl4/KQJ6aeBw1HyifTTHd5miTdV WrF0QFwdygJQsQRoC2sVex4Ox2hAAZwxADobl+TWyMY3pktVPkwAA1wlxFQGC2II0KAf/eXB4VlK AUSc4eq+OQB5+W0BB0DWI8WYgA5MLwAL4ICldqfD5K1Qk05LWCfrqbwZKMxV2hoe3Q4wzTC+zHUG WMDqbLnI+SGula185QM4JYAnRsyIiAzA7m4JA9Xp/3J6S0xc2EL6AAQI818OIGMABLBSimrAf6Da lBttZroVkJKgr7rj5mB1OAD09HC602YOgrrJqh2UnJsr2iHLOUMaGq+f6xzaPJvIAQhSzQIAzSVU jTeAz8UPAb7cZ9gAylCNiZGKsZpVBiZgANSVUqFOlcECJtCB9lHUfQ6F6BMtcLTFHUCQq9sqR1vw OJKK1LAlhR/HUnrGM5IxAS8dAbsq8KkCVDZoKkAn+vD4KgBA4KcP8OkDZCkwHTDgbkZV3VLhWbHW Fq2PIgDbJ1sIAL5CjAO7e12sWqjVOprzawo4nAAgwFKx7vC3MDjtApjGNA/kjGloDVZCZ8AACRi2 ov94PVzO9uos3CFNaQjF5GBdgDnDeiBx7TuvSJ93N50ZoFqQVSYJ3HguN1qWXanaIupQWcG2ivaz D/DAZ2W1AMX6awCwpUFQcwjWcZKQlwFgwANaiTgEbC4BClPY1gRrwk3yNLRRfN3hJACBgW7Ot66y nw0nOlEBREAA5TMuig2gYhboDp6s1BlQmevccTEXnTyMwVwlMAHEFs2hd61f8JYl1QuPcrwtwNwC 2tfK84a0yolLHnsPOFEyyldyb4TpqeJ4AoXeMV7UBLAEPWCvED7PX8UqAd1ccNoXGtG1FSti+5QK UEHWcbbc1K4GFACx7mn3vLBCaPJQGNcR3FBXHsj/lIzHemFVnhbHsHxABab8UB1rGsjTTW4EtpbO PcfLobC0ANdUt0FYte7J441WCnTGLU4LV8chTTJYf3XaA+oMspCNWRuh2QIAeNRZddSWgOfH5ma3 OWxY2+MA7AerAnPTxgd+2tD0TOHEmo9iBUZhEHflgmzu7tY9PQCSKdzkRccrZdn06bhCC4DiThrN gFYAPCsAywpsmt9PrIBUkeuuCQRwbe/i66kzXdLNNjpWRCzrojB3gspJmMpAxXjijiarXmvgAMn8 FuUsS1+bti6ryn4ABJrt7He6eY8L27ZUOWyCP1KtoIGNcIXFevJXyUCTE8DA/DgVWvSxj+hFD2+E /5PXaE2yz9OwgvGkffuyTE4tnf7OetaHtgCtb923m/N5ubc2gQkYG4lZNYAFDPuuEYZ9bNOTOKL0 578rmouGt3riAjD8RLBy7Z0E9TWnOkVxYedXjuIOoYCdXS9YXRLmKKu0bm08tbABuYj67CQDwE7N nyvAARMgWgLSjT4aIu7srtt8ABqw6IZl0wFDxy69XW5cgIp9BeYGL66AlWjX7R5YhRS3KhFQgbK/ ir9K923F+FpKRcP99szKH7awuMUZ2nq0wbv+3n1Jw7CxVwPxvZYIXEfxVDmw+okPKMvtFSy+6Yq9 MQ+s4ze5ApvDEJ7pfFeBO5lOzkO/3J83TrBiYf9I9Hewsmqu0wBGpICdF1ufRzT080NTF1j/hzDO 03wElXrh5VYoh1Bv9wLZZHxnJ25olkuc1V8VODRyNyjUJwJaVAKvszVcs3vIR4PB031Y4wBO4znf Ei7khy0iIAAtyCs9FzYDwHhUtAEbIAFM2AAAoIMxJ0Skxkv193n352rO4gBFg2bysn89V1av1zoI OE4jtGqbtTkKqIB/5mgPaHrpFnYxtk+us4aPZIUBYClGpIExRlB5mHrTJHwg+HlsxS8keFxc6G4f SAJxB2UzU1Mk8DpmaIZ4dEc3SFD7Bz86iEDgElPQMoQoY0cxdoT2wmYRswENoIQboAAS8ITT9on/ FmZs5AZKeRNC01NKWjiJ/EJpiWg9RmVHJziJCGU1DMCAt9dCoWeAxoY8cSiH4ZRJVRN2SIQ6cdhW fsiBzgeCs5grcMhz8VJH16iIFciIWTR+Q8M1+6VTeISAR3OJ8HNAILcDSIOC6tdyuvIp9qiEqwiF kddZ03NtoGSHYQMADUZEvEdgYQd2uxiIDrBoaIdmwAiHT9MAdPgBr5c6kriNPDeH4Wg8VoiHRiSN 9eRWGjlODegudrgAJUZIE0iS0FeLK9g4r1OGDWk0FbRkEMCOOjhGIuc4nJNA/OOL5YNg9Ggv9liU n/KEhMYrR1NBG/WPVhNDLhdISmOCQISCZZU2/zB0iGPlkBwnRK3HKwFYhpuFcp1kRxO5Klboiyd2 SW1lRL5EhiVZh0+5XCXmUYdIk+FmlbxyluLoQ/KCYejDhW4nTZ4VATi5OzvJk2CGAkgDl8lTTo1X j/YYLFZDY10Eia/TlCigUE8ZkLo1PSU4hyb4jUKTQjskY/JycKDZMMTCejUZPAZzf2w5TnyJMCkU P1zIjVx5APo2fLcJT0xzk7OCfHhkMNOkl7BSTknUl8LmUTbzQwR1U8CIYbMCAUyDk5vUk1GWmFuE gQcplKQIK/bIZur4PBQDjjRkYTQ3AhsDQ0pFezqUNWq5UH/TL7IpY+SjW7S5nItTlGZoMAvQmf8x tDe+eIeZZJ8ydJcoJ59kOC/r+TUIulxMUwEQcJPRpVDH6YGxIlDMeQLOuZdtlVAXWqEV8GPe50go UHhBiC2ypoiu5nYHSUPh6QFHeZEHYDUJ5lfIVkMB6gA05JKo6WBzmKPlJqBBejRKNYcqhlazMgFG Wk9kSEQ1lllPSZMPmXZCGqDwBAM9CpwRAHD+9qUUWqElRjWMNqTGBl4b2aFyZjRU41lkGqb+djgl apgh5DU3kwKF53jcZGFjaU/hCSwZcIaEhKdKaU/FpnrgBZ8DipCByZ8xQEpkWZZEk2hwCakf0AAS sAHDqD1PCm2jqaEMs3lk+Hu7R2rQSEEW5gD/6TSq2rJc/AZgASeVEIQ8kDg8a8qcKlqLSfOmAPdE n1Wi7Ngw1OeINgVemxNA6sh04emEq6ZsHgBERIpOVVR/SWOgR0pBBGkDReNqCiqGFmZHqESFJWCU U+eoSio0ZrahtKQ0q3MsMmkpAYqp1vqqEXA4ESCrD3CvgbSQ2gpPqnOH9MmmJlB4BSBEqlNL+9o+ 1omvl+hf4VKs27I8w2OASUMsY+l+sfJ3bOY+HuBfX8NQa+N4uhmvA0sD4FNbqpMAUXRNqOOvFHSy 8/UpK+lgtqpKKkhDeGN5CcOOlod6zqJUjbY80wScDFuh/Fo1yjmWMemcL5koLSouQCg6xiZO/wqb rxXaPnaaSMsSLi5AOoqYOnyKNJukjkqTAdVmbOqFaEFWcxJXtcuYoA0amEOLsgngABwAKxbQrp5q s5VGNgG7T7tJtzh7hzTUjQnTQlqYuAUqNr9Vi3UbTa6yXLAkSwMglpU2cPTKUSoqbIz5lsJDNdeH OIYJUHHliSYAtkRYQXf4mYZrtvz4YVjoNwJpt7aXS1YqiVWnA981S62raPGyaky3QnCLcrtpkcPL MN74oxhmUqK7f8+TYc+KNHFVTZELuJMrpsJqn5eru9Ubi7E2fXXnuZ8rL3hzK9pbugTngitFLVNb bI7JZM55kUoDMaS4vjYUZzNQvFYqlsp4vf9zo6Ao2FQnBsByZpfHa5EFPFu7RUM0hCzVVkhE9EGM pFFbJZDSZMBb5FEH1y94I4n4C2XSt5h/wzV1NEsd/Jdjoy2asqLZMrF+iYfklozLa4Y7q8KMmavF xjVqGYkFrMG2q5YWiTxcyzB2mY5jWMTFVnnUGSzW1rqB9TQB+XcHbFQPusG+NEusCsIvA8RWNIQv KDRHTEtcW2/vW7DTZ6xyNMH+KCsIrKAYRru7ewNu/K3BmytAgMFaCUSJ5D0uoMe5yccz5Mc+9FeP R8acBT+EGV1TiW8Ms3d23IVPez9hPLNByJ0by4U/ejlnXAKPQ3J/PEMIJTEHCIdGE8cmZKB78Lh3 piyG1TosDXaX3bOCgHyIsyzGD3mlp0xIuTyJVKyuyuiQP0qwnhJTndtFyRIDpOO1LsyYF7NF0eVD hjvJchbNRxBd1IzNM/Bo2IzNEdfNujKlf2zNxFzO5nzO6JzO6rzO7NzO7vzO8BzP8jzP9FzP9nzP +JzPdhACACH5BAUeAB8ALAIAAgAHAkIAAAX/oCeOZGmeaKqubOu+cCzPdG3feK7vfO//t49wSCwa j8ikcslsOp/QqHRKrVqv2Kx2y+16v+CweEwum8/otHrNbrvf8Lh8Tq/b7/i8fs/v+/+AgYKDhIWG h4iJiouMjY6PkJGSk5SVlpeYmZqbnJ2en6B2IqGkW6Mfp1kEBEKrdq6lgyZWqaljJUOzRCO5J6ge u8C/oyi9vMHHsUentkXNRKuwH7DSc9Ssyn3PVNu3wkLCtd/DRrbm383p6Ou72Urdv0jS2NV69e53 z8Th4yTg/uICrks2bNw/JOJ6xQvGUOHBhg8dwvtH0N9BZgSRDWS3sOCyjAwxapS4MSI0bEWu/w2J pnIaSpbyop2U6bIVvZv49ujbB0zkwoQde/J76PMjQo7x1EEMavCcM34Gn5okatHh0p9DsSYp+lSo 0HJZuXY8eaSlWZw108a0yTbt2Zx6dPmcm1VrQ7pTrxqr+HWp06l/reICG3GwOpBK7Yq9CzVsXcOO pRq55xbt28plYWLe3BJuvqh4FXNMHJocYY9Jm/a1OhYo68TITof+uy2Z3Me1B8uOLNoY65UoyXK2 fFOz8MvIg3ums5Oqc6aAecN+zbsgX79ITU7/3dvuc6Njv+ed+Hx23bwplbdNvl79ceLt2y7P07x7 0fv2VYP3fr+ff4jbufafZOYxttVj4oUX1P9R5Umnn4LywTdcfK1MJiF7as03x23fVUWOQHuRRFFU e3G1D3Vd2XZdiqqBZJ1G572Y4kgljngUPKVBRpVrFs6Dlks0AekjZUK+ZBxLEmqo5CfkLWkFkVpA 6eSUpDS5JJJYZqnlllx26aWWVIYp5phklmnmmWimqeaabLbp5ptwxinnnHTWaeedeOap55589unn n4AGKuighBZq6KGIJqrooow26kgCBzQhQAUcJLCEAAIwUcCmnFLgqaebfkqBEggQYYABAKQKwAKs MtAGA6wuoKqqUzIAwBCwsjprqmAA4KoQucq6K7C3OvqGAKlimqkQvEqhwbOjFvBBqA1QUG3/AZ42 gcC2p56agAIiAOBBBA7AmsYCDAygwLrr2uqrrL3iui0CuxYrBQPzbjvrGKnaGoC67GLArgKwpgpv FvaiC/DAFnQwL7PGttEvpka4+8SzGgigQQEVSCsEp6FCAcABCHR7QAIAGDBAABFEoMAA5pKh8LoD JMBAAgk4YICtBiRw8Ba8IpAuuwC06yu9TpQq9MIDE4z0F76e6q8DVOvsAAZY24rzAQfYW0Wx23Zg wcsDDOBAww+knfa2H3gd8RabJuHrpVorgbGyGkybAKdUMHByAgaQfCrXKV9wwQAXRCDBywt00awQ CywcAKQJrAz4qSn37LYVRw/9sgNmU401/wCTP61EqgCbHfrVGARQ+uZXpOy61CMb4PoBrHcN6QGo wj4FAmo/YEEADgRgQfDIl/q2F3GfOq3Ht+bLbKr60psqxtjfjakCGD+/d6eihvrpESWfHK4If3N9 wAUTHE5z41rMPUTkNNfM9beW88774L5LAQACqTOb6wZIwABojlQDQJ0AC0jAAwLNAAiY3cqiFgDc YUB3XPNW/6AAPOQNz3jIC54F3LYABAirXssrAsWOIADnxS16waNXBgLQwbW97HrKyqEAFCCAAzzr Y9P6wAE41YBNFXF8SMhc1xZgwMCdrF7WWxf8OFhC5UFsCDY7ANkOUMGTvcyAOAPc/rqWBf8ARiBV xXOdBSwgKwa6zncAXJcJ3UjHDUqhZLb71+T6hbuu5U9qZLRCDdOmgbStMYQeTFjZFsnIstkRUXHD VABYmLciDHJtNAwhAmgGgIxtb4cCCEDGfhjEuD2vAA2o1qhOZzPM6Y9wAEhbLB8wy6IxjoMOUB+v 5PcByimAixB0Iv68tbVuBe6RSwBgqhLQAdIFYAEcOFkCGWi7zQFQXWZDQALoWMBqauGE9VIVqzIw gZ2N0W/IRMICjqe2QhbykA/QmABCaAGUTW9WDGDAF/+VTkKZMoMGMMIKhXBJD6wteAZdG8Ac4MkA hBJToxxCAyTqsYGezm8HYACqTgZLCMj/8qMPoN8tk5bLwAXgVvbaHf54Vz4vDoCYkDKmA3+XwPsN 4IMcCFzlbnqqAfbUawCcpwDSyM1uevMKkVtAy1rmAYy1LJz1sqcUFjCBDgRPnsJjpzvp+UQjjKxs BuRiPw0FqQ84T4XLglzwCmnQGrJ1baBbF0N5yENPJqCSzxtVKlFZRGwtYQHpUx/JZunRB3jAo6ta AOgA9ittVbBnpvtAS/FnwHxZVpvqm92pphgFZVpgsByo6awAqFnNOjCOGqhABIrqxm5JtQoMeCYi 1aZUpjq1ZQvY7BQYIIFLzjOrhHwWPSHFWWaprItHTeEQNCaEARrBZ1fN2ANqiNXp2qxV/wPImAEw dVdSPq+I0+rrEUXlVb/tTn2oKuz5PCCuAS52pE1w5kmJwK37fXEBNmvn2rLIxdnx7rUcVICqZDnC rqVNAhDgI++aeCrlbZKH8YQAa43aYCtETrazrcACZvsADf93rB+gqgQmcMnpGoCd1Y0h5TY3sgxW DsSHWqFzK4a8QoZ0rWpDwBNXxYBCylNjeB0CKj2mSmxl6wi55agxD3s89jq5vQR8b2PbxkuvpipS Q7hsvrjGgODhd2sN3F9xJfs4I8RxljkGQAIueeX9hVVzqK1APFs44TDP9F4KeKacQ1gBDe8ZeRVo sW6hwIAI3OwAG85xt9iJyHrizABjbv/bGBOoXCjgbFUhxG+iVXxp0GX0WQK4612HwLXvrjK+l4OU AV1nUAg4+dXyDQDWyvYy6zFRXRusnfIi12VChtSJGcWXCdG1YJ/uD8AIoNp8yXfDtWpgZIx+wLNa vGBj1usBEaBznU2LKirEcQCI7rO4xT2yBYyb3G++czIn4K6jbeuzi+awNlUKu5GtGsbKVfOmQ0q5 fX95j8QDmAZ8CGRSY1m8RUxrEgfX0wEe9snhShUD32vvFi9bbt4s2gV6HdIxCvZ+q8qjZvdnLxPq OLlZVtcEMMBojW2NuuzdXR57irL/qUpjDd82zfG9ybLlMla6ajOigd7Gx5L8CUJLwAT/JqBmwTb8 xJfc1v2OfgTSYW55Z21CpHx13Vidd+is2tqlXRdXUHtXCBTbq5GzNamqM1zkA4D1kyVer7Kh7MNd e2TF9Wm4XAHUZJRDmc0aGLirE/TNDrCmAhwwAZIlIG0C8IDYZ+ly9BrTgACYQAUmkPgri7zOPe32 HbcIbIxi1HanF3kGqa6tzZez6U73KQTn9dlXsr4IKQtkxFoYUCdsHWc3C+PHORr4jDKR7OrSQHeF XACLrv1TCh+CEnMed3GJi7272sAGJMD9BqQMZSaVuICZYG+YtS+msge8zzJIeNbLSqeJN/PinUi9 j196mVsrtkkBuPQOdGDpV7Zt/oV5/7/zORVkM6ZXbBWUTxgVbG/XT5u0dKgSU/tzeU30ccBmeLh3 TCnEXEiQdULQNRkQRvlXgcKUfyjDRFjjAC9jdsz3NW83QNUXcdnXANq3AQogASNTc7xzaDQUX++i dLZzecZ0MkmWcxeogSGGaJGVZfOnU8UkWCRYgnlEMvw3AVPIdG5WZ1xDgKNXUsCWUQpoQKaXTwB1 e8m0eOWELoWHhAwmU0koekSQe/gmKBZlKr1Hai1GhUNoMlIIABBwfMTDgt0DBabkVYOjgHEHa7uS SqmkfTr4RBCkO7TiBAAwAPilP21oMiHXLd0EUG5TceQjQImIgcNnea7TUlBIgn/Hhf/AxHOhczIM 6DefNzsN2F9OpITJFDrPVDtuSGFDCIobqHsdqHCHOASTZFxO9GUmCGyQYisQEAGCSDzc40NRcIxz mIF5hIlzNyuO+I3e90S8oyr/Mn7xtXiwcopDt4VGJYy4J1bypzNhZXl+OHwzp2PFBFMyV4t05ERe 2FmLpzNhyI+2yIAXiIakEpDPlGD9pXO5KIdts0cpNGNFgI0A1Ta2k1G+oo44EyvRKI1RJmBnd4ci U4rbaADdKC7fuCt/Qy/iyDWU1gQLoACDE3SJ5Tcrw03aaHI8eTMXJ32Ll36eyG1DGVYM0ABmWIFO 94vU5I8QiXQKCYc66YnaCIEKqVT/CXY5MlWEiDaPrGd1dQgoFKkEZeU8srMzkAZVqwIBEKBauBVl CZQxFbBc0YeNGKeN/8KN9eKIADCCwocz1oNBl5hOuQWGMshIRWWSp1I2i3k79WYARDU7AhhWjpgu JUiPE5aI/8hBkBmZk1mKeQaBnflMLROIYaeOGqlRlodSl8iBlfZcWHY6fagyCcSWbNlnEdBnaeOW 08iCtzJQd2iXSWR7blYzNAgAjih5wnc/+IKRKKNjP6kEClM8XWiBbtQ6pag/1mNC+1J16eKZE9Y6 B7kr+WidDCSepVhBPPedhLeVOYedzhiaSMeetZWbbAlOu5Jbqrl6qmI5YfmaEZlB/4sEAH+GPB6l WoJINW6TSljARKoSU3lkfaniAamkZlRohNLHUdH5V8o2mQe5O890Rx3qoYOTAA0gARtwlMHnoQfZ hVY0VcpWj6f4dMKEaMUTaUmgWDfaMnuGm31mmwnGmP/VhbJSOY/1n6+pRLwzoNgWPNGYNiBJQLZS BAyKh1Egcbh2craTANiXWH2Zf/41pcyyYCDmK5MJn/dDgTBmpq4IOB8Kjv9WZ+g5kMR4pbEFbEQH dIfmcS/XRzjqna6jVHJWWHx2iaADhfqjZpbzlABKBMJJBMjSRUvqSNhmm8ETpQMEAI/6AZoFqdGH eyuTQe7ipielKt4XRqzmAWHFWf+AVWZPkFufeYJE6m0ESU1rRoF/Y6IVijMkWqNc9KL+k2T92Ugr EzjBkqb3o1h1+ld5pFRQSqhNeolCCqb4lZGu2ahG0DwBdYyTUjv5t0j7pjaYSoaa6jFH4DoC9anS Zzn3pzJRgwFRhTLsJTwesDNAFZYUlJmJmH/Xaqfu6Yea0y+reGnMolEOKav9eqWUuEgDVEKs4kZF OnXlA2BLQEHOqja2GQG0pDqImqgnwz/YSpJo50Lm+gEUo2Y9szWLBCu5iZvTqG5K4IHk9zdYmjIC dgArkwEG05cJZVDf5zU/QwUoW6sMpj7CB7Mi82gJMEKjpS/dUjLFBGAom5j1GLX/+HqAmWM7JpdN JpeeJ6VBAUqxrLRZGptpi5SmMcWDiQqgkaSuJhtkRWCW25SyO1U27XanOwcFIut2mQVLXAeTvTNg tPSzuAesUzC0q/aGzih8Ehk7ALBGxFo1JuMtW8piWilyXIm2lfs1YVVzPpNsZfOwAeewqEq4kqZT /TS0guqy3wlurNi43fmam0qXH2gAu6qPOIuYxiRVcYOub+uoJfsBVbpwq8kAjvatNCShYEtfU8Y5 l5uduQqhYiu0lZOdRXi0jetVzwu92Du92qIq2qRmqzIrx9eFi+QA76dHXvM/NuO9VXc5d8tIrLi8 2CoFzleyDGqhXsmvx/ZavZuM/9nqu0LAoDKbjbKoKsMTeGHEsMQUioz6NY8WhlO4YAQLNFppf9iL tNJ3wVKYwe5bsWQzOTZpMHq0ev8SW29UwRu8QKnLq4yUS/M7OR9cv2hXSWP5gkm0vTJVc0kwvERw O+lKvHkpYBH8rz0TtBE5w1darUbsLUiMMNq0lT4FRk1YdVEslasGWXX4VW5ErJLKfg5gM2p5idyW ukzcxD6DpLu3LDdsicu0w5XYwxNlBINzpT2TQeILodf7xBG0rAiTiVu5Y2LAvv+6ZmNFyO5pyM6L mjMKeP3FyBhcpoAsU4JMw0swu0JQVkyAOShkBW3nP7E7xlWHtWEgymVgyqAMVRFlNMasHICtPFpC q5aWjAQhAAA7 --------------Boundary-00=_L00AQL80000000000000--


This message came from the mail archive
http://www.auditory.org/postings/2005/
maintained by:
DAn Ellis <dpwe@ee.columbia.edu>
Electrical Engineering Dept., Columbia University