E. C. Shang
Y. Y. Wang
A. G. Voronovich
CIRES, Univ. of Colorado/NOAA/Environ. Technol. Lab., Boulder, CO 80303
Smaller scale fluctuations can be smooth-out by taking a long range
propagation under linearized assumption. But the nonlinearity of the equations
relating ocean perturbations to acoustic travel times leads to a bias if the
problem is linearized about a range-independent reference state. The travel
time t[sub RD] in the range-dependent channel differs from the travel time
t[sub RA] through the range-averaged channel. In ray theoretical regime, a warm
bias (t[sub RD]